Calculus 10th Edition

Published by Brooks Cole
ISBN 10: 1-28505-709-0
ISBN 13: 978-1-28505-709-5

Chapter 8 - Integration Techniques, L'Hopital's Rule, and Improper Integrals - 8.8 Exercises - Page 575: 40

Answer

$${\text{the improper integral diverges}}.$$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & \int_0^{\pi /2} {\sec \theta } d\theta \cr & \sec \theta {\text{ is not defined at }}x = \pi /2,{\text{ so we can write}} \cr & \int_0^{\pi /2} {\sec \theta } d\theta = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{b \to \pi /{2^ - }} \int_0^b {\sec \theta } d\theta \cr & {\text{Integrate}} \cr & \mathop {\lim }\limits_{b \to \pi /{2^ - }} \int_0^b {\sec \theta } d\theta = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{b \to \pi /{2^ - }} \left[ {\ln \left| {\sec \theta + \tan \theta } \right|} \right]_0^b \cr & = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{b \to \pi /{2^ - }} \left[ {\ln \left| {\sec b + \tan b} \right| - \ln \left| {\sec 0 + \tan 0} \right|} \right] \cr & = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{b \to \pi /{2^ - }} \left[ {\ln \left| {\sec b + \tan b} \right| - \ln \left| 1 \right|} \right] \cr & = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{b \to \pi /{2^ - }} \left[ {\ln \left| {\sec b + \tan b} \right|} \right] \cr & {\text{Evaluate the limit when }}b \to \pi /{2^ - } \cr & = \left[ {\ln \left| {\sec \left( {\pi /2} \right) + \tan \left( {\pi /2} \right)} \right|} \right] \cr & = \infty \cr & {\text{So}},{\text{ the improper integral diverges}}. \cr & {\text{The following graph confirms the result}} \cr} $$
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