Calculus with Applications (10th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321749006
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-900-0

Chapter 8 - Further Techniques and Applications of Integration - 8.4 Improper Integrals - 8.4 Exercises - Page 452: 6

Answer

$$\frac{1}{{64}}$$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & \int_{ - \infty }^{ - 4} {\frac{3}{{{x^4}}}} dx \cr & {\text{by the definition of an improper integral}}{\text{,}} \cr & \int_{ - \infty }^{ - 4} {\frac{3}{{{x^4}}}} dx = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{a \to - \infty } \int_a^{ - 4} {\frac{3}{{{x^4}}}} dx \cr & = 3\mathop {\lim }\limits_{a \to - \infty } \int_a^{ - 4} {{x^{ - 4}}} dx \cr & {\text{integrating by using the power rule}} \cr & = 3\mathop {\lim }\limits_{a \to - \infty } \left[ {\frac{{{x^{ - 3}}}}{{ - 3}}} \right]_a^{ - 4} \cr & = - \mathop {\lim }\limits_{a \to - \infty } \left[ {{x^{ - 3}}} \right]_a^{ - 4} \cr & {\text{property of integrals}} \cr & = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{a \to - \infty } \left[ {\frac{1}{{{x^3}}}} \right]_{ - 4}^a \cr & = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{a \to - \infty } \left( {\frac{1}{{{a^3}}} - \frac{1}{{{{\left( { - 4} \right)}^3}}}} \right) \cr & = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{a \to - \infty } \left( {\frac{1}{{{a^3}}} + \frac{1}{{64}}} \right) \cr & {\text{evaluating the limit when }}a \to - \infty \cr & = \frac{1}{{{{\left( { - \infty } \right)}^3}}} + \frac{1}{{64}} \cr & = \frac{1}{{64}} \cr} $$
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