Calculus with Applications (10th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321749006
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-900-0

Chapter 8 - Further Techniques and Applications of Integration - 8.4 Improper Integrals - 8.4 Exercises - Page 452: 21

Answer

$${\text{The integral is divergent}}$$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & \int_{ - \infty }^{ - 1} {\frac{{2x - 1}}{{{x^2} - x}}} dx \cr & {\text{by the definition of an improper integral}}{\text{}} \cr & \int_{ - \infty }^{ - 1} {\frac{{2x - 1}}{{{x^2} - x}}} dx = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{a \to - \infty } \int_a^{ - 1} {\frac{{2x - 1}}{{{x^2} - x}}} dx \cr & \cr & {\text{integrating }}\int {\frac{{2x - 1}}{{{x^2} - x}}} dx \cr & {\text{set }}u = {x^2} - x{\text{ then }}\frac{{du}}{{dx}} = \left( {2x - 1} \right),\,\,\,\,\frac{{du}}{{2x - 1}} = dx \cr & \int {\frac{{2x - 1}}{{{x^2} - x}}} dx = \int {\frac{{2x - 1}}{u}} \left( {\frac{{du}}{{2x - 1}}} \right) = \int {\frac{{du}}{u}} \cr & = \ln \left| u \right| + C \cr & {\text{replace }}u = {x^2} - x \cr & = \ln \left| {{x^2} - x} \right| + C \cr & {\text{then}} \cr & \mathop {\lim }\limits_{a \to - \infty } \int_a^{ - 1} {\frac{{2x - 1}}{{{x^2} - x}}} dx = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{a \to - \infty } \left( {\ln \left| {{x^2} - x} \right|} \right)_a^{ - 1} \cr & = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{a \to - \infty } \left( {\ln \left| {{{\left( { - 1} \right)}^2} - \left( { - 1} \right)} \right| - \ln \left| {{{\left( a \right)}^2} - \left( a \right)} \right|} \right) \cr & = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{a \to - \infty } \left( {\ln 2 - \ln \left| {{a^2} - a} \right|} \right) \cr & {\text{evaluating the limit when }}a \to - \infty \cr & = \ln 2 - \ln \left| {{{\left( { - \infty } \right)}^2} - \left( { - \infty } \right)} \right| \cr & = \infty \cr & then \cr & {\text{The integral is divergent}} \cr} $$
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