Calculus 8th Edition

Published by Cengage
ISBN 10: 1285740629
ISBN 13: 978-1-28574-062-1

Chapter 7 - Techniques of Integration - 7.5 Strategy for Integration - 7.5 Exercises - Page 548: 39

Answer

$$\displaystyle{\int{\frac{\sec \theta \tan \theta}{\sec ^2\theta -\sec \theta}}d\theta=\ln \left| 1-\cos \theta \right|+C}$$

Work Step by Step

$\displaystyle{I=\int{\frac{\sec \theta \tan \theta}{\sec ^2\theta -\sec \theta}d\theta}\\ I=\int{\frac{\sec \theta \tan \theta}{\sec \theta \left( \sec \theta -1 \right)}d\theta}\\ I=\int{\frac{\frac{\sin \theta}{\cos \theta}}{\frac{1}{\cos \theta}-1}d\theta}\\ I=\int{\frac{\frac{\sin \theta}{\cos \theta}}{\frac{1-\cos \theta}{\cos \theta}}d\theta}\\ I=\int{\frac{\sin \theta}{1-\cos \theta}d\theta}}$ $\displaystyle{\left[\begin{matrix} u=1-\cos \theta& d\theta =\frac{du}{\sin \theta}\\ \end{matrix}\right]}$ $\displaystyle{I=\int{\frac{\sin \theta}{u}\times \frac{du}{\sin \theta}}\\ I=\int{\frac{1}{u}du}\\ I=\ln \left| u \right|+C\\ I=\ln \left| 1-\cos \theta \right|+C} $
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