Thomas' Calculus 13th Edition

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32187-896-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32187-896-0

Chapter 8: Techniques of Integration - Section 8.6 - Integral Tables and Computer Algebra Systems - Exercises 8.6 - Page 481: 17

Answer

$$\frac{x^{2}}{2} \cos ^{-1} x+\frac{1}{4} \sin ^{-1} x-\frac{1}{4} x \sqrt{1-x^{2}}+C$$

Work Step by Step

By using the formula $$ \int x^{n} \cos ^{-1} a x d x=\frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} \cos ^{-1} a x+\frac{a}{n+1} \int \frac{x^{n+1} d x}{\sqrt{1-a^{2} x^{2}}}, \quad n \neq-1$$ Here $n=1$, we get \begin{align*} \int x \cos ^{-1} x d x&=\int x^{1} \cos ^{-1} x d x\\ &=\frac{x^{1+1}}{1+1} \cos ^{-1} x+\frac{1}{1+1} \int \frac{x^{1+1} d x}{\sqrt{1-x^{2}}}\\ &=\frac{x^{2}}{2} \cos ^{-1} x+\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{x^{2} d x}{\sqrt{1-x^{2}}} \end{align*} Then use $$\int \frac{x^{2}}{\sqrt{a^{2}-x^{2}}} d x=\frac{a^{2}}{2} \sin ^{-1} \frac{x}{a}-\frac{1}{2} x \sqrt{a^{2}-x^{2}}+C $$ with $a=1$, we get \begin{align*} \int x \cos ^{-1} x d x &=\frac{x^{2}}{2} \cos ^{-1} x+\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{x^{2} d x}{\sqrt{1-x^{2}}}\\ &=\frac{x^{2}}{2} \cos ^{-1} x+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2} \sin ^{-1} x\right)-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2} x \sqrt{1-x^{2}}\right)+C\\ &=\frac{x^{2}}{2} \cos ^{-1} x+\frac{1}{4} \sin ^{-1} x-\frac{1}{4} x \sqrt{1-x^{2}}+C \end{align*}
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