## Thomas' Calculus 13th Edition

Published by Pearson

# Chapter 5: Integrals - Section 5.6 - Definite Integral Substitutions and the Area Between Curves - Exercises 5.6 - Page 303: 30

#### Answer

$\displaystyle \frac{4\pi}{3}$

#### Work Step by Step

On the interval $[-\displaystyle \frac{\pi}{3},\frac{\pi}{3}]$, the graph of $y=\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}\sec^{2}t$ is above the graph of $y=-4\sin^{2}t$, The area between the two graphs over [a,b], where one graph is above the other, is given with $\displaystyle \int_{a}^{b}(y_{above}-y_{below})dt$. Thus, $A=\displaystyle \int_{-\pi/3}^{\pi/3}[\frac{1}{2}\sec^{2}t-(-4\sin^{2}t)]dt=\int_{-\pi/3}^{\pi/3}[\frac{1}{2}\sec^{2}t+4\sin^{2}t]dt$ $=\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}\int_{-\pi/3}^{\pi/3}\sec^{2}tdt+4\int_{-\pi/3}^{\pi/3}\sin^{2}tdt$ The first integral is not a problem as $\displaystyle \frac{d}{dt}[\tan t]=\sec^{2}t$ In the second, we use the double angle formula for $\cos 2t$ $\cos 2t=\cos^{2}x-\sin^{2}t=-(1-\sin^{2}t)-\sin^{2}t=1-2\sin^{2}t$, We transform $\displaystyle \sin^{2}t= \frac{1}{2}(1-\cos 2t)$ $=\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}[\tan t]_{-\pi/3}^{\pi/3}+2\int_{-\pi/3}^{\pi/3}dt-2\int_{-\pi/3}^{\pi/3}\cos 2tdt$ For the last integral : $\left[\begin{array}{lll} u=2x, & & du=2dx\\ & & dx=du/2\\ \text{Borders:} & & \\ x=-\pi/3 & \rightarrow & u=-2\pi/3\\ x=\pi/3 & \rightarrow & u=2\pi /3 \end{array}\right]$ $=\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}[\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}]_{-\pi/3}^{\pi/3}+2[\frac{\pi}{3}-(-\frac{\pi}{3})]- 2\int_{-2\pi/3}^{2\pi/3}\cos u\frac{du}{2}$ $= \displaystyle \sqrt{3}+\frac{4\pi}{3}-1\cdot[\sin u]_{-2\pi/3}^{2\pi/3}$ $= \displaystyle \sqrt{3}+\frac{4\pi}{3}-[\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}-(-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2})]$ $= \displaystyle \sqrt{3}+\frac{4\pi}{3}-\sqrt{3}$ = $\displaystyle \frac{4\pi}{3}$

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