Calculus, 10th Edition (Anton)

Published by Wiley
ISBN 10: 0-47064-772-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-47064-772-1

Chapter 4 - Integration - 4.9 Evaluating Definite Integrals By Substitution - Exercises Set 4.9 - Page 340: 12

Answer

$$8$$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & \int_{1 - \pi }^{1 + \pi } {{{\sec }^2}\left( {\frac{1}{4}x - \frac{1}{4}} \right)} dx \cr & u = \frac{1}{4}x - \frac{1}{4},{\text{ then }}du = \frac{1}{4}dx,{\text{ }}4du = xdx \cr & {\text{With this substitution}}{\text{,}} \cr & {\text{if }}x = 1 + \pi ,{\text{ }}u = \frac{1}{4}\left( {1 + \pi } \right) - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{\pi }{4} \cr & {\text{if }}x = 1 - \pi ,{\text{ }}u = \frac{1}{4}\left( {1 - \pi } \right) - \frac{1}{4} = - \frac{\pi }{4} \cr & {\text{so}} \cr & \int_{1 - \pi }^{1 + \pi } {{{\sec }^2}\left( {\frac{1}{4}x - \frac{1}{4}} \right)} dx = \int_{ - \pi /4}^{\pi /4} {{{\sec }^2}\left( u \right)} \left( {4du} \right) \cr & = 4\int_{ - \pi /4}^{\pi /4} {{{\sec }^2}\left( u \right)} du \cr & {\text{find the antiderivative }} \cr & = 4\left( {{{\tan }^2}u} \right)_{ - \pi /4}^{\pi /4} \cr & {\text{part 1 of fundamental theorem of calculus}} \cr & = 4\left( {{{\tan }^2}\left( {\frac{\pi }{4}} \right) - {{\tan }^2}\left( { - \frac{\pi }{4}} \right)} \right) \cr & = 4\left( {1 - \left( { - 1} \right)} \right) \cr & = 8 \cr} $$
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