Answer
See the explanation
Work Step by Step
Okay, let's solve these questions without using Fig. 3-4.
a. C-R, Si-F, Ge-F
In this group, the most polar bond will be Ge-F.
Explanation:
- Electronegativity difference is the key factor in determining polarity of a bond.
- Fluorine (F) is the most electronegative element, and silicon (Si) has a lower electronegativity compared to carbon (C) and germanium (Ge).
- Therefore, the Si-F bond will have the highest electronegativity difference and will be the most polar.
b. P-Cl or S-Cl
In this group, the more polar bond will be S-Cl.
Explanation:
- Sulfur (S) has a higher electronegativity than phosphorus (P), so the S-Cl bond will have a greater electronegativity difference and be more polar.
c. S-F, S-Cl, S-Br
In this group, the most polar bond will be S-F.
Explanation:
- Fluorine (F) is the most electronegative element, so the S-F bond will have the greatest electronegativity difference and be the most polar.
- The polarity of the bonds will decrease in the order: S-F > S-Cl > S-Br.
d. Ti-Cl, Si-Cl, Ge-Cl
In this group, the most polar bond will be Ti-Cl.
Explanation:
- Titanium (Ti) has a lower electronegativity than silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge), so the Ti-Cl bond will have the greatest electronegativity difference and be the most polar.
- The polarity of the bonds will decrease in the order: Ti-Cl > Si-Cl > Ge-Cl.
