Elementary Linear Algebra 7th Edition

Published by Cengage Learning
ISBN 10: 1-13311-087-8
ISBN 13: 978-1-13311-087-3

Appendix - Mathematical Induction and Other Forms of Proofs - Exercises - Page A6: 30

Answer

See the counterexample below.

Work Step by Step

Consider the following statement: The set of all $3\times 3$ matrices of the form $$A=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 0 & a & b\\ c & 2 & d\\ e & f & 0\end{array}\right]$$ with the standard operations is a vector space. We will now present a counterexample in order to show that the statement is false. Consider the matrix $$A=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 0 & 1 & 3\\ 5 & 2 & 7\\ 9 & 11 & 0\end{array}\right]$$ which has the form required above. Observe that $$3A=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 0 & 3 & 9\\ 15 & 6 & 21\\ 27 & 33 & 0\end{array}\right]$$ which is not of the form required above. Hence, the set of all matrices of the form $$A=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 0 & a & b\\ c & 2 & d\\ e & f & 0\end{array}\right]$$ with the standard operations is not closed under scalar multiplication and therefore, it is not a vector space.
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