Differential Equations and Linear Algebra (4th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32196-467-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32196-467-0

Chapter 4 - Vector Spaces - 4.7 Change of Basis - Problems - Page 318: 24

Answer

$[2+x^2]_C=(3,3,-1)\\ [-1-6x+8x^2]_C=(-4,2,3)\\ [-7-3x-9x^2]_C=(-2,1,-5) \\ P_{C \leftarrow B}=\begin{bmatrix} 1& -4 & -2\\ 3 & 2 & 1\\ -1 & 3 & -5 \end{bmatrix}$

Work Step by Step

We know that: $a_1(1+x)+a_2(-x+x^2)+a_3(1+2x^2)=2+x^2$ $b_1(1+x)+b_2(-x+x^2)+b_3(1+2x^2)=-1-6x+8x^2$ $c_1(1+x)+c_2(-x+x^2)+c_3(1+2x^2)=-7-3x-9x^2$ To find $[2+x^2]_C$: $a_1(1+x)+a_2(-x+x^2)+a_3(1+2x^2)\\ =a_1+a_1x-a_2x+a_2x^2+a_3+2a_3x^2\\ =(a_1+a_3)+x(a_1-a_2)+x^2(a_2+2a_3)\\ =2+x^2$ Thus $a_1+a_3=2\\ a_1-a_2=0 \\ a_2+2a_3=1$ Then $-2(a_1+a_3)+a_1-a_2+a_2+2a_3=-3 \rightarrow a_1=3\\ 3+a_3=2 \rightarrow a_3=-1 \\ a_2+2(-1)=1 \rightarrow a_2=3$ To find $[-1-6x+8x^2]_C$: $b_1(1+x)+b_2(-x+x^2)+b_3(1+2x^2)\\ =b_1+b_1x-b_2x+b_2x^2+b_3+2b_3x^2\\ =(b_1+b_3)+x(b_1-b_2)+x^2(b_2+2b_3)\\ =-1-6x+8x^2$ Thus $b_1+b_3=-1\\ b_1-b_2=-6 \\ b_2+2b_3=8$ Then $-2(b_1+b_3)+b_1-b_2+b_2+2b_3=4 \rightarrow b_1=-4\\ -4+b_3=-1 \rightarrow b_3=3 \\ -4-b_2=-6 \rightarrow b_2=3$ To find $[-7-3x-9x^2]_C$: $c_1(1+x)+c_2(-x+x^2)+c_3(1+2x^2)\\ =c_1+c_1x-c_2x+c_2x^2+c_3+2c_3x^2\\ =(c_1+c_3)+x(c_1-c_2)+x^2(c_2+2c_3)\\ =-7-3x-9x^2$ Thus $c_1+c_3=-7\\ c_1-c_2=-3 \\ c_2+2c_3=-9$ Then $-2(c_1+c_3)+c_1-c_2+c_2+2c_3=2 \rightarrow c_1=-2\\ -2+c_3=-7 \rightarrow c_3=-5 \\ -2-c_2=-3\rightarrow c_2=1$ Hence we have: $[2+x^2]_C=(3,3,-1)\\ [-1-6x+8x^2]_C=(-4,2,3)\\ [-7-3x-9x^2]_C=(-2,1,-5) \\ P_{C \leftarrow B}=\begin{bmatrix} 1& -4 & -2\\ 3 & 2 & 1\\ -1 & 3 & -5 \end{bmatrix}$
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