Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems 9th Edition

Published by Wiley
ISBN 10: 0-47038-334-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-47038-334-6

Chapter 4 - Higher Order Linear Equations - 4.4 The Method of Variation of Parameters - Problems - Page 242: 8

Answer

$y=C_{1}+C_{2}e^{t}+C_{3}e^{-t}+ln(cos(t)+1)-ln(sin(t))+\frac{1}{2}e^t\int_{t_{0}}^{t}(\frac{e^{-s}}{sin(s)})ds+\frac{1}{2}e^{-t}\int_{t_{0}}^{t}(\frac{e^{s}}{sin(s)})ds$

Work Step by Step

Let $\;\;\;\;\;y=e^{rt}\\\\$ ${y}'''-{y}'=0 \;\;\;\;\Rightarrow \;\;\;\; r^3e^{rt}-re^{rt}=0\\\\$ $r^3-r=r(r^2-1)=0 $ $ \rightarrow\;\;\;\;\; r_{1}=0\;\;\;\;\;\;\;or\;\;\;\;,r_{2,3}=\pm 1\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\\\\$ $\boxed{y_{c}(t)= C_{1}+C_{2}e^{t}+C_{3}e^{-t}}$ $y_{1}=1\;\;\;\;\;,\;\;y_{2}=e^t\;\;\;\;\;\;\;,\;\;\;y_{3}=e^{-t}\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$ $W(1,e^t,e^{-t})=\begin{vmatrix} 1 & e^t & e^{-t} \\ 0 & e^t & -e^{-t} \\ 0 & e^t & e^{-t} \\ \end{vmatrix}\;=\;2$ $W_{1}=\begin{vmatrix} 0 & e^t & e^{-t} \\ 0 & e^t & -e^{-t} \\ csc(t) & e^t & e^{-t} \\ \end{vmatrix}\;=\;-2csc(t)$ $W_{2}=\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 0 & e^{-t} \\ 0 & 0 & -e^{-t} \\ 0 & csc(t) & e^{-t} \\ \end{vmatrix}\;=\;e^{-t}csc(t)$ $W_{3}=\begin{vmatrix} 1 & e^t & 0 \\ 0 & e^t & 0 \\ 0 & e^t & csc(t) \\ \end{vmatrix}\;=\;e^tcsc(t)$ ${u}'_{1}=\frac{w_{1}}{w}=-csc(t)$ $u_{1}=\int -csc(t)=ln(cot(t)+csc(t))$ ${u}'_{2}=\frac{w_{2}}{w}=\frac{e^{-t}}{2sin(t)}$ $u_{2}=\int \frac{e^{-t}}{2sin(t)}= \frac{1}{2} \int_{t_{0}}^{t}(\frac{e^{-t}}{sin(t)})$ ${u}'_{3}=\frac{w_{3}}{w}=\frac{e^{t}}{2sin(t)}$ $u_{3}=\int \frac{e^{t}}{2sin(t)}= \frac{1}{2} \int_{t_{0}}^{t}(\frac{e^{t}}{sin(t)}) $ $y_{p}=y_{1}u_{1}+y_{2}u_{2}+y_{3}u_{3}$ $y_{p}=ln(cos(t)+1)-ln(sin(t))+\frac{1}{2}e^t\int_{t_{0}}^{t}(\frac{e^{-s}}{sin(s)})ds+\frac{1}{2}e^{-t}\int_{t_{0}}^{t}(\frac{e^{s}}{sin(s)})ds$ $y=y_{c}+y_{p}$ $y=C_{1}+C_{2}e^{t}+C_{3}e^{-t}+ln(cos(t)+1)-ln(sin(t))+\frac{1}{2}e^t\int_{t_{0}}^{t}(\frac{e^{-s}}{sin(s)})ds+\frac{1}{2}e^{-t}\int_{t_{0}}^{t}(\frac{e^{s}}{sin(s)})ds$
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