Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems 9th Edition

Published by Wiley
ISBN 10: 0-47038-334-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-47038-334-6

Chapter 4 - Higher Order Linear Equations - 4.4 The Method of Variation of Parameters - Problems - Page 242: 7

Answer

$y=C_{1}e^t+C_{2}cos(t)+C_{3}sin(t)-\frac{1}{2}cos(t)ln|cos(t)|+\frac{1}{2}sin(t)ln|cos(t)|-\frac{1}{2}tcos(t)-\frac{1}{2}tsin(t)+\frac{1}{2} \int_{t_{0}}^{t}\frac{e^{-s}}{cos(s)}\;ds$

Work Step by Step

Let $\;\;\;\;\;y=e^{rt}\\\\$ ${y}'''-{y}''+{y}'-y=0 \;\;\;\;\Rightarrow \;\;\;\; r^3e^{rt}-r^2e^{rt}+re^{rt}-e^{rt}=0\\\\$ $r^3-2r^2+r-1=(r-1)(r^2+1)=0 $ $ \rightarrow\;\;\;\;\; r_{1}=1\;\;\;\;\;\;\;or\;\;\;\;,r_{2,3}=\pm i\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\\\\$ $\boxed{y_{c}(t)= C_{1}e^t+C_{2}cos(t)+C_{3}sin(t)}$ $y_{1}=e^t\;\;\;\;\;,\;\;y_{2}=cos(t)\;\;\;\;\;\;\;,\;\;\;y_{3}=sin(t)\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;$ $W(e^t,cos(t),sin(t))=\begin{vmatrix} e^t & cos(t) & sin(t) \\ e^t & -sin(t) & cos(t) \\ e^t & cos(t) & -sin(t) \\ \end{vmatrix}\;=\;2e^t$ $W_{1}=\begin{vmatrix} 0 & cos(t) & sin(t) \\ 0 & -sin(t) & cos(t) \\ sec(t) & cos(t) & -sin(t) \\ \end{vmatrix}\;=\;sec(t)$ $W_{2}=\begin{vmatrix} e^t & 0 & sin(t) \\ e^t & 0 & cos(t) \\ e^t & sec(t) & -sin(t) \\ \end{vmatrix}\;=\;e^t(tan(t)-1)$ $W_{3}=\begin{vmatrix} e^t & cos(t) & 0 \\ e^t & -sin(t) & 0 \\ e^t & cos(t) & sec(t) \\ \end{vmatrix}\;=\;-e^t(tan(t)+1)$ ${u}'_{1}=\frac{w_{1}}{w}=\frac{e^{-t}}{2cos(t)}$ $u_{1}=\int \frac{e^{-t}}{2cos(t)}=\frac{1}{2} \int_{t_{0}}^{t}\frac{e^{-t}}{cos(t)}\;dt$ ${u}'_{2}=\frac{w_{2}}{w}=\frac{tan(t)-1}{2}$ $u_{2}=\int \frac{tan(t)-1}{2}= -\frac{1}{2}(ln|cos(t)|-\frac{1}{2}t)$ ${u}'_{3}=\frac{w_{3}}{w}=\frac{-tan(t)-1}{2}$ $u_{3}=\int \frac{-tan(t)-1}{2}= \frac{1}{2}(ln|cos(t)|-\frac{1}{2}t) $ $y_{p}=y_{1}u_{1}+y_{2}u_{2}+y_{3}u_{3}$ $y_{p}=-\frac{1}{2}(cos(t))ln|cos(t)|+\frac{1}{2}sin(t)ln|cos(t)|-\frac{1}{2}tcos(t)-\frac{1}{2}tsin(t)+\frac{1}{2} \int_{t_{0}}^{t}\frac{e^{-t}}{cos(t)}\;dt$ $y=y_{c}+y_{p}$ $y=C_{1}e^t+C_{2}cos(t)+C_{3}sin(t)-\frac{1}{2}cos(t)ln|cos(t)|+\frac{1}{2}sin(t)ln|cos(t)|-\frac{1}{2}tcos(t)-\frac{1}{2}tsin(t)+\frac{1}{2} \int_{t_{0}}^{t}\frac{e^{-s}}{cos(s)}\;ds$
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