Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems 9th Edition

Published by Wiley
ISBN 10: 0-47038-334-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-47038-334-6

Chapter 4 - Higher Order Linear Equations - 4.4 The Method of Variation of Parameters - Problems - Page 242: 5

Answer

$y=C_{1}e^{t}+C_{2}cos(t)+C_{3}sin(t)-\frac{1}{5}e^{-t}cos(t)$

Work Step by Step

Let $\;\;\;\;\;y=e^{rt}\\\\$ ${y}'''-{y}''+{y}'-y=0 \;\;\;\;\Rightarrow \;\;\;\; r^3e^{rt}-r^2e^{rt}+re^{rt}+e^{rt}=0\\\\$ $r^3-r^2+r+1=(r-1)(r^2+1)=0 $ $ \rightarrow\;\;\;\;\; r_{1}=1\;\;\;\;\;\;\;or\;\;\;\;,r_{2,3}=\pm i\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\\\\$ $\boxed{y_{c}(t)= C_{1}e^{t}+C_{2}cos(t)+C_{3}sin(t)}$ $y_{1}=e^t\;\;\;\;\;,\;\;y_{2}=cos(t)\;\;\;\;\;\;\;,\;\;\;y_{3}=sin(t)$ $W(e^t,cos(t),sin(t))=\begin{vmatrix} e^t & cos(t) & sin(t) \\ e^t & -sin(t) & -cos(t) \\ e^t & -cos(t) & -sin(t) \end{vmatrix}\;=\;2e^t$ $W_{1}=\begin{vmatrix} 0 & cos(t) & sin(t) \\ 0 & -sin(t) & -cos(t) \\ e^{-t}sin(t) & -cos(t) & -sin(t) \end{vmatrix}\;=\;e^{-t}sin(t)$ $W_{2}=\begin{vmatrix} e^t & 0 & sin(t) \\ e^t & 0 & -cos(t) \\ e^t & e^{-t}sin(t) & -sin(t) \end{vmatrix}\;=\;sin^2(t)-sin(t)cos(t)$ $W_{3}=\begin{vmatrix} e^t & cos(t) & 0 \\ e^t & -sin(t) & 0 \\ e^t & -cos(t) & e^{-t}sin(t) \end{vmatrix}\;=\;-sin^2(t)-sin(t)cos(t)$ ${u}'_{1}=\frac{w_{1}}{w}=e^{-t}sin(t)$ $u_{1}=\int e^{-t}sin(t)= -\frac{1}{10}e^{-2t}(2sin(t)+cos(t))$ ${u}'_{2}=\frac{w_{2}}{w}=\frac{1}{2}e^{-t}(sin^2(t)-sin(t)cos(t))$ $u_{2}=\int \frac{1}{2}e^{-t}(sin^2(t)-sin(t)cos(t))= \frac{1}{20}e^{-t}(-sin(2t)+3cos(2t)-5)$ ${u}'_{3}=\frac{w_{3}}{w}=-\frac{1}{2}e^{-t}(sin^2(t)-sin(t)cos(t))$ $u_{3}=\int -\frac{1}{2}e^{-t}(sin^2(t)-sin(t)cos(t))= \frac{1}{20}e^{-t}(3sin(2t)+cos(2t)+5) $ $y_{p}=y_{1}u_{1}+y_{2}u_{2}+y_{3}u_{3}$ $y_{p}=-\frac{1}{5}e^{-t}cos(t)$ $y=y_{c}+y_{p}$ $y=C_{1}e^{t}+C_{2}cos(t)+C_{3}sin(t)-\frac{1}{5}e^{-t}cos(t)$
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