Thomas' Calculus 13th Edition

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32187-896-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32187-896-0

Chapter 8: Techniques of Integration - Practice Exercises - Page 519: 105

Answer

$$2\ln \left( {\sqrt {1 + x} + \sqrt x } \right) + C$$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & \int {\frac{1}{{\sqrt x \cdot \sqrt {1 + x} }}} dx \cr & {\text{Write the integrand as}} \cr & \int {\frac{1}{{\sqrt x \cdot \sqrt {1 + x} }}} dx = \int {\frac{1}{{\sqrt x \cdot \sqrt {1 + {{\left( {\sqrt x } \right)}^2}} }}} dx \cr & {\text{Use the substitution method}}{\text{, }} \cr & \,\,\,\,u = \sqrt x ,\,\,\,\,du = \frac{1}{{2\sqrt x }}dx \cr & {\text{Write the integrand in terms of }}u \cr & \int {\frac{1}{{\sqrt x \cdot \sqrt {1 + {{\left( {\sqrt x } \right)}^2}} }}} dx = \int {\frac{{2du}}{{\sqrt {1 + {u^2}} }}} \cr & = 2\int {\frac{{du}}{{\sqrt {1 + {u^2}} }}} \cr & {\text{Use the trigonometric substitution }}u = \tan \theta ,\,\,\,du = {\sec ^2}\theta d\theta \cr & = 2\int {\frac{{du}}{{\sqrt {1 + {u^2}} }}} = 2\int {\frac{{{{\sec }^2}\theta d\theta }}{{\sqrt {1 + {{\tan }^2}\theta } }}} \cr & = 2\int {\frac{{{{\sec }^2}\theta d\theta }}{{\sqrt {{{\sec }^2}\theta } }}} \cr & = 2\int {\sec \theta } d\theta \cr & \cr & {\text{Integrate}} \cr & = 2\ln \left| {\sec \theta + \tan \theta } \right| + C \cr & {\text{Where sec}}\theta = \sqrt {1 + {u^2}} {\text{ and tan}}\theta = u \cr & = 2\ln \left| {\sqrt {1 + {u^2}} + u} \right| + C \cr & {\text{Write the integrand in terms of }}x,{\text{ substitute }}\sqrt x {\text{ for }}u \cr & = 2\ln \left| {\sqrt {1 + {{\left( {\sqrt x } \right)}^2}} + \sqrt x } \right| + C \cr & = 2\ln \left( {\sqrt {1 + x} + \sqrt x } \right) + C \cr} $$
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