Calculus (3rd Edition)

Published by W. H. Freeman
ISBN 10: 1464125260
ISBN 13: 978-1-46412-526-3

Chapter 17 - Line and Surface Integrals - 17.4 Parametrized Surfaces and Surface Integrals - Exercises - Page 958: 23

Answer

$\mathop \smallint \limits_{}^{} \mathop \smallint \limits_S^{} {z^2}{\left( {{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}} \right)^{ - 1}}{\rm{d}}S = \frac{7}{3}\pi $

Work Step by Step

The surface is a sphere of radius $2$, so we can parametrize it by $G\left( {\theta ,\phi } \right) = \left( {2\cos \theta \sin \phi ,2\sin \theta \sin \phi ,2\cos \phi } \right)$. ${{\bf{T}}_\theta } = \frac{{\partial G}}{{\partial \theta }} = \left( { - 2\sin \theta \sin \phi ,2\cos \theta \sin \phi ,0} \right)$ ${{\bf{T}}_\phi } = \frac{{\partial G}}{{\partial \phi }} = \left( {2\cos \theta \cos \phi ,2\sin \theta \cos \phi , - 2\sin \phi } \right)$ By Eq. (2), the normal vector is ${\bf{N}}\left( {\theta ,\phi } \right) = 4\sin \phi {{\bf{e}}_r}$. So, $||{\bf{N}}\left( {\theta ,\phi } \right)|| = 4\sin \phi $. From $1 \le z \le 2$ we obtain $1 \le 2\cos \phi \le 2$ $\frac{1}{2} \le \cos \phi \le 1$ Hence, $0 \le \phi \le \frac{\pi }{3}$ From here we obtain the description of the domain in polar coordinates: ${\cal D} = \left\{ {\left( {\theta ,\phi } \right):0 \le \theta \le 2\pi ,0 \le \phi \le \frac{\pi }{3}} \right\}$ Since $f\left( {x,y,z} \right) = {z^2}{\left( {{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}} \right)^{ - 1}}$, we obtain $f\left( {G\left( {\theta ,\phi } \right)} \right) = \left( {4{{\cos }^2}\phi } \right)\cdot\frac{1}{4} = {\cos ^2}\phi $. By Eq. (7) of Theorem 1, we have $\mathop \smallint \limits_{}^{} \mathop \smallint \limits_S^{} f\left( {x,y,z} \right){\rm{d}}S = \mathop \smallint \limits_{}^{} \mathop \smallint \limits_{\cal D}^{} f\left( {G\left( {\theta ,\phi } \right)} \right)||{\bf{N}}\left( {\theta ,\phi } \right)||{\rm{d}}\theta {\rm{d}}\phi $ $ = 4\mathop \smallint \limits_{\theta = 0}^{2\pi } \mathop \smallint \limits_{\phi = 0}^{\pi /3} {\cos ^2}\phi \sin \phi {\rm{d}}\theta {\rm{d}}\phi $ $ = 4\mathop \smallint \limits_{\theta = 0}^{2\pi } {\rm{d}}\theta \mathop \smallint \limits_{\phi = 0}^{\pi /3} {\cos ^2}\phi \sin \phi {\rm{d}}\phi $ $ = 8\pi \mathop \smallint \limits_{\phi = 0}^{\pi /3} {\cos ^2}\phi \sin \phi {\rm{d}}\phi $ Let $t = \cos \phi $, so ${\rm{d}}t = - \sin \phi {\rm{d}}\phi $. The integral becomes $\mathop \smallint \limits_{}^{} \mathop \smallint \limits_S^{} f\left( {x,y,z} \right){\rm{d}}S = - 8\pi \mathop \smallint \limits_{t = 1}^{1/2} {t^2}{\rm{d}}t$ $ = - \frac{8}{3}\pi \left( {{t^3}|_1^{1/2}} \right) = - \frac{8}{3}\pi \left( {\frac{1}{8} - 1} \right) = \frac{7}{3}\pi $ So, $\mathop \smallint \limits_{}^{} \mathop \smallint \limits_S^{} {z^2}{\left( {{x^2} + {y^2} + {z^2}} \right)^{ - 1}}{\rm{d}}S = \frac{7}{3}\pi $.
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