Answer
$\left( M-m\right) g=\left( M+m\right) a\Rightarrow a=\dfrac {\left( M-m\right) }{M+m}g=\dfrac {15-10}{15+10}g=\dfrac {g}{5}\approx 1,96\dfrac {m}{s^{2}}$
Work Step by Step
Let's assume the tension on the rope is $T $, mass of monkey is $m$ and mass of the object is $M$ When monkey stops object which is heavier will move down and make monkey move up. Let's write Newtons second law for monkey and object For monkey (direction of acceleration will be upwards) $T-mg=ma\left( 1\right) $ For object (acceleration will be down because it is heavier than monkey) $Mg-T=Ma(2)$ The monkey and the object will move with the same magnitude of acceleration because length of rope doesn't change So from (1) and(2) we get $\left( M-m\right) g=\left( M+m\right) a\Rightarrow a=\dfrac {\left( M-m\right) }{M+m}g=\dfrac {15-10}{15+10}g=\dfrac {g}{5}\approx 1,96\dfrac {m}{s^{2}}$