Discrete Mathematics with Applications 4th Edition

Published by Cengage Learning
ISBN 10: 0-49539-132-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-49539-132-6

Chapter 5 - Sequences, Mathematical Induction, and Recursion - Exercise Set 5.8 - Page 327: 12

Answer

\[ \boxed{ e_k = \begin{cases} 0, & \text{if $k$ is even},\\[6pt] 2 \cdot 9^{\tfrac{k-1}{2}}, & \text{if $k$ is odd}. \end{cases} } \]

Work Step by Step

We have the recurrence \[ e_k \;=\; 9\,e_{k-2}, \quad \text{for all integers }k \ge 2, \quad\text{with}\quad e_0=0,\;e_1=2. \] Because each term depends only on the term two steps before it, we can separate the sequence into its even‐indexed and odd‐indexed parts. --- ## 1. Compute the first few terms \(e_0 = 0\) (given) \(e_1 = 2\) (given) \(e_2 = 9\,e_0 = 9\cdot 0 = 0\) \(e_3 = 9\,e_1 = 9\cdot 2 = 18\) \(e_4 = 9\,e_2 = 9\cdot 0 = 0\) \(e_5 = 9\,e_3 = 9\cdot 18 = 162\) \(e_6 = 9\,e_4 = 9\cdot 0 = 0\) \(e_7 = 9\,e_5 = 9\cdot 162 = 1458\) \(\dots\) From these values: - **Even indices**: \(e_0 = 0,\; e_2=0,\; e_4=0,\dots\) all zero. - **Odd indices**: \(e_1=2,\; e_3=18,\; e_5=162,\; e_7=1458,\dots\) Notice that for odd \(k = 2n+1\): \[ e_{2n+1} = 2,\;18,\;162,\;1458,\dots \] We see each is multiplied by 9 as \(n\) increases by 1. Indeed, \[ e_1 = 2 \times 9^0,\quad e_3 = 2 \times 9^1,\quad e_5 = 2 \times 9^2,\quad e_7 = 2 \times 9^3,\;\dots \] So for odd \(k = 2n+1\), \[ e_{2n+1} = 2 \cdot 9^n. \] Since \(n = \frac{k-1}{2}\), we can write \(e_k = 2 \cdot 9^{\tfrac{k-1}{2}}\) when \(k\) is odd.
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