Thomas' Calculus 13th Edition

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32187-896-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32187-896-0

Chapter 8: Techniques of Integration - Section 8.3 - Trigonometric Integrals - Exercises 8.3 - Page 462: 34

Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}\sec x\tan x - \frac{1}{2}\ln \left| {\sec x + \tan x} \right| + C $$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & \int {\sec x} {\tan ^2}xdx \cr & {\text{Use the fundamental identiy ta}}{{\text{n}}^2}x = {\sec ^2}x - 1 \cr & \int {\sec x} {\tan ^2}xdx = \int {\sec x} \left( {{{\sec }^2}x - 1} \right)dx \cr & {\text{Use distributive property}} \cr & = \int {\left( {{{\sec }^3}x - \sec x} \right)dx} \cr & {\text{Sum rule for integration}} \cr & = \int {{{\sec }^3}xdx} - \int {\sec x} dx \cr & \cr & {\text{From example 6, we obtain: }} \cr & \int {{{\sec }^3}xdx} = \frac{1}{2}\sec x\tan x + \frac{1}{2}\ln \left| {\sec x + \tan x} \right| + C \cr & {\text{and }}\int {\sec x} dx = \ln \left| {\sec x + \tan x} \right| + C \cr & {\text{Then}}{\text{,}} \cr & \cr & = \frac{1}{2}\sec x\tan x + \frac{1}{2}\ln \left| {\sec x + \tan x} \right| - \ln \left| {\sec x + \tan x} \right| + C \cr & {\text{simplifying}} \cr & = \frac{1}{2}\sec x\tan x - \frac{1}{2}\ln \left| {\sec x + \tan x} \right| + C \cr} $$
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