Calculus with Applications (10th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321749006
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-900-0

Chapter 6 - Applications of the Derivative - 6.4 Implicit Differentiation - 6.4 Exercises - Page 335: 34

Answer

$$ 3(x^{2}+y^{2})^{2}=25(x^{2}-y^{2}); \quad\quad (2,1) $$ The equation of the tangent line at the point $(2,1)$ is: $$ y =\frac{-2}{11}x+\frac{15}{11} $$

Work Step by Step

$$ 3(x^{2}+y^{2})^{2}=25(x^{2}-y^{2}); \quad\quad (2,1) $$ Now, we can calculate $\frac{dy}{dx}$ by implicit differentiation, $$ \begin{aligned} 6\left(x^{2}+y^{2}\right) \frac{d}{d x}\left(x^{2}+y^{2}\right) &=25 \frac{d}{d x}\left(x^{2}-y^{2}\right) \\ 6\left(x^{2}+y^{2}\right)\left(2 x+2 y \frac{d y}{d x}\right) &=25\left(2 x-2 y \frac{d y}{d x}\right) \\ 12 x^{3}+12 x^{2} y \frac{d y}{d x}+12 x y^{2}+12 y^{3} \frac{d y}{d x} &=50 x-50 y \frac{d y}{d x} \\ 12 x^{2} y \frac{d y}{d x}+12 y^{3} \frac{d y}{d x}+50 y \frac{d y}{d x} &=-12 x^{3}-12 x y^{2}+50 x \\ \left(12 x^{2} y+12 y^{3}+50 y\right) \frac{d y}{d x} &=-12 x^{3}-12 x y^{2}+50 x \\ \frac{d y}{d x} &=\frac{-12 x^{3}-12 x y^{2}+50 x}{12 x^{2} y+12 y^{3}+50 y} \end{aligned} $$ To find the slope of the tangent line at the point $(2,1)$, let $x=2$ and $y=1.$ The slope is $$ \begin{aligned} \frac{d y}{d x} &=\frac{-12 (2)^{3}-12 (2) (1)^{2}+50 (2)}{12 (2)^{2} (1)+12 (1)^{3}+50 (1)}\\ &=\frac{-20}{110}\\ &=\frac{-2}{11}\\ \end{aligned} $$ The equation of the tangent line is then found by using the point-slope form of the equation of a line. $$ \begin{aligned} (y-y_{1}) &=m(x-x_{1})\\ (y-(1)) &=(\frac{-2}{11} )(x-(2))\\ 11(y-1) &=-2(x-2)\\ 11y &=-2x+4+11\\ 11y &=-2x+15\\ y &=\frac{-2}{11}x+\frac{15}{11}\\ \end{aligned} $$ Therefore, the equation of the tangent line at the point $(2,1)$ is: $$ y =\frac{-2}{11}x+\frac{15}{11} $$
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