Calculus with Applications (10th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321749006
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-900-0

Chapter 6 - Applications of the Derivative - 6.4 Implicit Differentiation - 6.4 Exercises - Page 335: 32

Answer

$$ \frac{y}{18}(x^{2}-64)+x^{\frac{2}{3}}y^{\frac{1}{3}}=12; \quad\quad x=8 $$ The equation of the tangent line at the given point $(8,27)$ is: $$ y =\frac{-675}{4} x+1377 $$

Work Step by Step

$$ \frac{y}{18}(x^{2}-64)+x^{\frac{2}{3}}y^{\frac{1}{3}}=12; \quad\quad x=8 $$ find the$ y$-value : $$ \begin{aligned} \frac{y}{18}((8)^{2}-64)+(8)^{\frac{2}{3}}y^{\frac{1}{3}}&=12\\ \frac{y}{18}(64-64)+(2^{3})^{\frac{2}{3}}y^{\frac{1}{3}}&=12\\ 0+4y^{\frac{1}{3}}&=12\\ y^{\frac{1}{3}}&=\frac{12}{4}=3\\ y &=3^{3}\\ \Rightarrow\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\\ y &=27\\ \end{aligned} $$ So, the given point is $(8,27)$ . Now, we can calculate $\frac{dy}{dx}$ by implicit differentiation, use the product rule and the chain rule as follows: $$ \begin{aligned} \frac{y}{18}(2 x)+\frac{1}{18}\left(x^{2}-64\right) \frac{d y}{d x}+\frac{1}{3} x^{2 / 3} y^{-2 / 3} \frac{d y}{d x} & \\+\frac{2}{3} x^{-1 / 3} y^{1 / 3}=0 \\ \left(\frac{x^{2}-64}{18}+\frac{x^{2 / 3} y^{-2 / 3}}{3}\right) \frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{-2 x y}{18}-\frac{2 x^{-1 / 3} y^{1 / 3}}{3}& \\ \frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{\frac{-2 x y}{18}-\frac{2 x^{-1 / 3} y^{1 / 3}}{3}}{\frac{x^{2}-64}{18}+\frac{x^{2 / 3} y^{-2 / 3}}{3}} &\\ =\frac{-2 x y-12 x^{-1 / 3} y^{1 / 3}}{x^{2}-64+6 x^{2 / 3} y^{-2 / 3}}. \end{aligned} $$ To find the slope of the tangent line at the point $(8,27)$, let $x=8$ and $y=27.$ The slope is $$ \begin{aligned} \frac{-2(8)(27)-12(8)^{-1 / 3}(27)^{-1 / 3}}{64-64+6(8)^{2 / 3}(27)^{-2 / 3}} &=\frac{-432-18}{24} \\ &=(-450)\left(\frac{9}{24}\right) \\ &=\frac{-675}{4}. \end{aligned} $$ The equation of the tangent line is then found by using the point-slope form of the equation of a line. $$ \begin{aligned} (y-y_{1}) &=m(x-x_{1})\\ (y-(27)) &=(\frac{-675}{4} )(x-(8))\\ y-27 &=\frac{-675}{4} x+1377 \\ y &=\frac{-675}{4} x+1377. \\ \end{aligned} $$ Therefore, the equation of the tangent line at the given point $(8,27)$ is: $$ y =\frac{-675}{4} x+1377. $$
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