Calculus with Applications (10th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321749006
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-900-0

Chapter 3 - The Derivative - 3.4 Definition of the Derivative - 3.4 Exercises - Page 176: 18

Answer

$$f'\left( x \right) = - \frac{3}{{2\sqrt x }},\,\,\,\,f'\left( { - 2} \right){\text{ does not exist}},\,\,\,\,f'\left( 0 \right){\text{ does not exist}},{\text{ and }}f'\left( 3 \right) = - \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}$$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & f\left( x \right) = - 3\sqrt x \cr & {\text{Using the definition of the derivative}}: \cr & {\text{Find }}f\left( {x + h} \right) \cr & f\left( {x + h} \right) = - 3\sqrt {x + h} \cr & {\text{Find }}f\left( {x + h} \right) - f\left( x \right) \cr & f\left( {x + h} \right) - f\left( x \right) = - 3\sqrt {x + h} + 3\sqrt x \cr & {\text{Divide by }}h{\text{ to get }}\frac{{f\left( {x + h} \right) - f\left( x \right)}}{h} \cr & \frac{{f\left( {x + h} \right) - f\left( x \right)}}{h} = \frac{{ - 3\sqrt {x + h} + 3\sqrt x }}{h} \cr & {\text{Rationalizing}} \cr & \frac{{f\left( {x + h} \right) - f\left( x \right)}}{h} = \frac{{3\sqrt x - 3\sqrt {x + h} }}{h} \times \frac{{3\sqrt x + 3\sqrt {x + h} }}{{3\sqrt x + 3\sqrt {x + h} }} \cr & \frac{{f\left( {x + h} \right) - f\left( x \right)}}{h} = \frac{{{{\left( {3\sqrt x } \right)}^2} - {{\left( {3\sqrt {x + h} } \right)}^2}}}{{h\left( {3\sqrt x + 3\sqrt {x + h} } \right)}} \cr & \frac{{f\left( {x + h} \right) - f\left( x \right)}}{h} = \frac{{9x - 9x - 9h}}{{h\left( {3\sqrt x + 3\sqrt {x + h} } \right)}} \cr & \frac{{f\left( {x + h} \right) - f\left( x \right)}}{h} = \frac{{ - 9h}}{{h\left( {3\sqrt x + 3\sqrt {x + h} } \right)}} \cr & \frac{{f\left( {x + h} \right) - f\left( x \right)}}{h} = - \frac{3}{{\sqrt x + \sqrt {x + h} }} \cr & {\text{Let }}h \to 0 \cr & f'\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{h \to 0} \frac{{f\left( {x + h} \right) - f\left( x \right)}}{h} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{h \to 0} \left( { - \frac{3}{{\sqrt x + \sqrt {x + h} }}} \right) \cr & {\text{Then}}{\text{,}} \cr & f'\left( x \right) = - \frac{3}{{\sqrt x + \sqrt {x + 0} }} \cr & f'\left( x \right) = - \frac{3}{{2\sqrt x }} \cr & \cr & {\text{Find }}f'\left( { - 2} \right),f'\left( 0 \right){\text{ and }}f'\left( 3 \right) \cr & f'\left( { - 2} \right) = - \frac{3}{{2\sqrt { - 2} }},{\text{ The derivative does not exist}} \cr & f'\left( 0 \right) = - \frac{3}{{2\sqrt 0 }},{\text{ The derivative does not exist}} \cr & f'\left( 3 \right) = - \frac{3}{{2\sqrt 3 }} = - \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2} \cr} $$
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