Calculus 10th Edition

Published by Brooks Cole
ISBN 10: 1-28505-709-0
ISBN 13: 978-1-28505-709-5

Chapter 8 - Integration Techniques, L'Hopital's Rule, and Improper Integrals - 8.5 Exercises - Page 549: 30

Answer

$$\ln \left| {\frac{{\tan x}}{{\tan x + 1}}} \right| + C$$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & \int {\frac{{{{\sec }^2}x}}{{\tan x\left( {\tan x + 1} \right)}}} dx \cr & {\text{Let }}t = \tan x,{\text{ }}dt = {\sec ^2}xdx \cr & {\text{Substituting}} \cr & \int {\frac{{{{\sec }^2}x}}{{\tan x\left( {\tan x + 1} \right)}}} dx = \int {\frac{1}{{t\left( {t + 1} \right)}}} dt \cr & {\text{Decompose into partial fractions}} \cr & \frac{1}{{t\left( {t + 1} \right)}} = \frac{A}{t} + \frac{B}{{t + 1}} \cr & 1 = A\left( {t + 1} \right) + Bt \cr & t = 0 \to A = 1 \cr & t = - 1 \to B = - 1 \cr & \frac{1}{{t\left( {t + 1} \right)}} = \frac{1}{t} + \frac{{ - 1}}{{t + 1}} \cr & \int {\frac{1}{{t\left( {t + 1} \right)}}} dt = \int {\left( {\frac{1}{t} + \frac{{ - 1}}{{t + 1}}} \right)} dt \cr & {\text{Integrate}} \cr & {\text{ = ln}}\left| t \right| - \ln \left| {t + 1} \right| + C \cr & {\text{By using logarithmic properties}} \cr & = \ln \left| {\frac{t}{{t + 1}}} \right| + C \cr & {\text{Write in terms of }}x \cr & = \ln \left| {\frac{{\tan x}}{{\tan x + 1}}} \right| + C \cr} $$
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