Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321740904
ISBN 13: 978-0-32174-090-8

Chapter 41 - Atomic Physics - Exercises and Problems - Page 1246: 39

Answer

${\bf 1.13\times 10^{6}}\;\rm m/s$

Work Step by Step

We are given that the wavelength is 818 nm. The energy corresponding to this wavelength is given by $$ E = \frac{hc}{\lambda} $$ Plug the known; $$ E =\dfrac{(6.63\times 10^{-34})(3\times 10^8)}{(818\times 10^{-9})}=\bf 2.43\times 10^{-19} \;\rm J$$ $$E=\bf 1.52\;\rm eV$$ We can see, from Figure 41.24, that the transition that obeys the selection rule $ \Delta l = 1 $ and has an energy difference of around 1.5 eV is the transition from $ 3p $ to $ 3d $. The energy difference between $ E_{3d} $ and $ E_{3p} $ is: $$ E_{3d} - E_{3p} = 3.620 \, \text{eV} - 2.104 \, \text{eV} = 1.516 \, \text{eV} $$ This value is very close to the energy of the emitted photon ($ 1.52 \, \text{eV} $). This means that the atom was excited from the ground state to the $ 3d $ state. So, the minimum kinetic energy $ K $ of the electron is given by: $$ K =\frac{1}{2} mv^2= E_{3d}-E_0 $$ Plug the known from Figure 41.24; $$ \frac{1}{2} mv^2\geq (3.62-0) (1.6\times 10^{-19}) $$ We know the energy must be at least $ 3.62 \, \text{eV} $. Now, solve for the speed $ v $: $$ v \geq\sqrt{ \dfrac{2(3.62-0) (1.6\times 10^{-19})}{m}} $$ $$ v \geq\sqrt{ \dfrac{2(3.62-0) (1.6\times 10^{-19})}{(9.11\times 10^{-31})}} $$ So the minimum speed is $$v_{\rm min}\approx \color{red}{\bf 1.13\times 10^{6}}\;\rm m/s$$
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