University Calculus: Early Transcendentals (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321999584
ISBN 13: 978-0-32199-958-0

Chapter 5 - Section 5.6 - Definite Integral Substitutions and the Area Between Curves - Exercises - Page 337: 24

Answer

$$\int^{-1/2}_{-1}t^{-2}\sin^2\Big(1+\frac{1}{t}\Big)dt=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\sin2}{4}$$

Work Step by Step

$$A=\int^{-1/2}_{-1}t^{-2}\sin^2\Big(1+\frac{1}{t}\Big)dt$$ We set $u=1+\frac{1}{t}$, which means $$du=-\frac{1}{t^2}dt=-t^{-2}dt$$ $$t^{-2}dt=-du$$ For $t=-1/2$, we have $$u=1+\frac{1}{-1/2}=1-2=-1$$ For $t=-1$, we have $$u=1+\frac{1}{-1}=1-1=0$$ Therefore, $$A=-\int^{-1}_0\sin^2udu$$ Recall the identity: $$\sin^2x=\frac{1-\cos2x}{2}$$ So, $$A=-\int^{-1}_0\frac{1-\cos2u}{2}du$$ $$A=-\Big(\int^{-1}_0\frac{1}{2}du-\frac{1}{2}\int^{-1}_0\cos2udu\Big)$$ $$A=-\Big(\frac{u}{2}\Big]^{-1}_0-\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{1}{2}\sin2u\Big]^{-1}_0\Big)$$ $$A=-\Big(-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}(\sin(-2)-\sin0)\Big)$$ $$A=-\Big(-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}(\sin(-2)-0)\Big)$$ $$A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sin(-2)}{4}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\sin2}{4}$$
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