University Calculus: Early Transcendentals (3rd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321999584
ISBN 13: 978-0-32199-958-0

Chapter 5 - Section 5.5 - Indefinite Integrals and the Substitution Method - Exercises - Page 330: 72

Answer

$$\int\csc xdx=-\ln|\csc x+\cot x|+C$$

Work Step by Step

$$A=\int\csc xdx=\int(\csc x)(1)dx$$ Since $\frac{-\csc x-\cot x}{-\csc x-\cot x}=1$, we replace $1$ with $\frac{-\csc x-\cot x}{-\csc x-\cot x}$: $$A=\int(\csc x)\frac{-\csc x-\cot x}{-\csc x-\cot x}dx$$ $$A=\int\frac{-\csc^2x-\csc x\cot x}{-\csc x-\cot x}dx$$ $$A=-\int\frac{-\csc^2x-\csc x\cot x}{\csc x+\cot x}dx$$ Set $u=\csc x+\cot x$, then $$du=(-\csc x\cot x-\csc^2x)dx$$ Therefore, $$A=-\int\frac{du}{u}=-\ln|u|+C=\ln$$ $$A=-\ln|\csc x+\cot x|+C$$
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