Thomas' Calculus 13th Edition

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32187-896-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32187-896-0

Chapter 8: Techniques of Integration - Section 8.4 - Trigonometric Substitutions - Exercises 8.4 - Page 467: 36

Answer

$$\frac{1}{5}$$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & \int_{\ln \left( {3/4} \right)}^{\ln \left( {4/3} \right)} {\frac{{{e^t}dt}}{{{{\left( {1 + {e^{2t}}} \right)}^{3/2}}}}} \cr & {\text{We set}}{\text{, }}{e^t} = \tan \theta,{\text{ }}{e^t}dt = {\sec ^2}\theta d\theta \cr & \theta = {\tan ^{ - 1}}\left( {{e^t}} \right) \cr & {\text{The new limits on }}\theta {\text{ are found as follows}} \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,{\text{If }}t = \ln \left( {4/3} \right),{\text{ then }}\theta = {\tan ^{ - 1}}\left( {{e^{\ln 4/3}}} \right) = {\tan ^{ - 1}}\left( {4/3} \right) \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,{\text{If }}t = \ln \left( {3/4} \right),{\text{ then }}\theta = {\tan ^{ - 1}}\left( {{e^{\ln 3/4}}} \right) = {\tan ^{ - 1}}\left( {3/4} \right) \cr & {\text{With these substitutions}}{\text{, we have}} \cr & \int_{\ln \left( {3/4} \right)}^{\ln \left( {4/3} \right)} {\frac{{{e^t}dt}}{{{{\left( {1 + {e^{2t}}} \right)}^{3/2}}}}} = \int_{{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {3/4} \right)}^{{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {4/3} \right)} {\frac{{{{\sec }^2}\theta d\theta }}{{{{\left( {1 + {{\tan }^2}\theta } \right)}^{3/2}}}}} \cr & {\text{use the fundamental identity }}{\tan ^2}x + 1 = {\sec ^2}x \cr & = \int_{{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {3/4} \right)}^{{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {4/3} \right)} {\frac{{{{\sec }^2}\theta d\theta }}{{{{\left( {{{\sec }^2}\theta } \right)}^{3/2}}}}} \cr & = \int_{{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {3/4} \right)}^{{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {4/3} \right)} {\frac{{{{\sec }^2}\theta d\theta }}{{{{\sec }^3}\theta }}} \cr & = \int_{{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {3/4} \right)}^{{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {4/3} \right)} {\frac{{d\theta }}{{\sec \theta }}} \cr & = \int_{{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {3/4} \right)}^{{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {4/3} \right)} {\cos \theta d\theta } \cr & {\text{integrating}} \cr & = \left( {\sin \theta } \right)_{{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {3/4} \right)}^{{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {4/3} \right)} \cr & = \sin \left( {{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {4/3} \right)} \right) - \sin \left( {{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\left( {3/4} \right)} \right) \cr & = \frac{4}{5} - \frac{3}{5} \cr & = \frac{1}{5} \cr} $$
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