Thomas' Calculus 13th Edition

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32187-896-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32187-896-0

Chapter 10: Infinite Sequences and Series - Section 10.7 - Power Series - Exercises 10.7 - Page 612: 9

Answer

$a.\quad R=3. \quad $Interval of convergence:$\quad -3\leq x\leq 3$ $b.\quad $ Interval of absolute convergence:$\quad -3\leq x\leq 3$ $c.\quad $ No other values of x for which the series converges conditionally.

Work Step by Step

(See text: "How to Test a Power Series for Convergence".) $\text{Step 1.}$ Use the Ratio Test to find the interval where the series converges absolutely. $\begin{align*} \displaystyle \frac{u_{n+1}}{u_{n}}&=\displaystyle \frac{x^{n+1}}{(n+1)\sqrt{n+1}\cdot 3^{n+1}}\div\frac{x^{n}}{n\sqrt{n}\cdot 3^{n+1}}\\ &=\displaystyle \frac{x^{n+1}}{(n+1)\sqrt{n+1}3^{n+1}}\cdot\frac{n\sqrt{n}3^{n}}{x^{n}}\\ &=\displaystyle \frac{x}{3}\cdot\frac{n}{n+1}\cdot\sqrt{\frac{n}{n+1}}\\ \displaystyle \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}|\frac{x}{3}\cdot\frac{n}{n+1}\cdot\sqrt{\frac{n}{n+1}}|&\lt 1\displaystyle \\ |\displaystyle \frac{x}{3}|\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{n}{n+1}\cdot\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\sqrt{\frac{n}{n+1}}&\lt 1\displaystyle \\ |\displaystyle \frac{x}{3}|(1)\cdot\sqrt{\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{n}{n+1}}&\lt 1\displaystyle \\ |\displaystyle \frac{x}{3}|&\lt 1 \displaystyle \\ -1&\lt\displaystyle \frac{x}{3} \lt 1 \\ -3&\lt x\lt 3 \end{align*}$ Determine the center and radius: $a-R\lt x\lt a+R$ $0-3\lt x\lt 0+3$ $a=0,\quad $ the radius is $R=3,$ the interval of absolute convergence is $-3\lt x\lt 3$ $\text{Step 2.}$ If the interval of absolute convergence is finite, test for convergence or divergence at each endpoint. $ x=-3\quad \Rightarrow$ $\displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-3)^{n}}{n\sqrt{n}\cdot 3^{n}}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{n}}{n\sqrt{n}}\qquad$ ... $|\displaystyle \frac{(-1)^{n}}{n\sqrt{n}}|\rightarrow 0,\qquad $... series is absolutely convergent $ x=3\quad \Rightarrow$ $\displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{3^{n}}{n\sqrt{n}\cdot 3^{n}}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n\sqrt{n}}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^{3/2}}\qquad$ ... a convergent p-series $(p=\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}\gt 1).$ Absolute convergence interval is $\qquad -3\leq x\leq 3$ $\text{Step 3.}$ If the interval of absolute convergence is $a-R\lt x\lt a+R$, the series diverges for $|x-a|\gt R.$ So, $a.\quad R=3. \quad $Interval of convergence:$\quad -3\leq x\leq 3$ $b.\quad $ Interval of absolute convergence:$\quad -3\leq x\leq 3$ $c.\quad $ No other values of x for which the series converges conditionally.
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