Thomas' Calculus 13th Edition

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32187-896-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32187-896-0

Chapter 10: Infinite Sequences and Series - Section 10.7 - Power Series - Exercises 10.7 - Page 612: 3

Answer

$ a.\quad R=\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}.\ \quad $Interval of convergence:$\quad -\displaystyle \frac{1}{2} \lt x \lt 0$ $b. \quad$ Interval of absolute convergence:$\displaystyle \quad -\frac{1}{2} \lt x \lt 0$ $ c.\quad$ There are no values for which the series converges conditionally

Work Step by Step

(See text: "How to Test a Power Series for Convergence".) $\text{Step 1.} $ Use the Ratio Test to find the interval where the series converges absolutely. Ordinarily, $|x-a|\lt R\quad $ or $\quad a-R\lt x\lt a+R.$ $\begin{align*} \displaystyle \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}|\frac{u_{n+1}}{u_{n}}|&\lt 1 \\ \displaystyle \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}|\frac{(-1)^{n+1}(4x+1)^{n+1}}{(-1)^{n}(4x+1)^{n}}|&\lt 1 \\ \displaystyle \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}|\frac{(4x+1)^{n+1}}{(4x+1)^{n}}|&\lt 1 \\ \end{align*}.$ This is true when: $\begin{align*} |4x+1|&\lt 1 \\ -1& \lt 4x+1 \lt 1 \\ -2& \lt 4x \lt 0 \\ -\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}& \lt x \lt 0 \end{align*}.$ Determine the center and radius: $a -R\lt x\lt a+R$ $-\displaystyle \frac{1}{4} -\frac{1}{4}\lt x\lt -\frac{1}{4} +\frac{1}{4}$ $ a=-\displaystyle \frac{1}{4},\quad$ the radius is $R=\displaystyle \frac{1}{4},$ the interval of convergence is $-6 \lt x \lt -4$ $\text{Step 2.} $ If the interval of absolute convergence is finite, test for convergence or divergence at each endpoint. $ x=-\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}\quad \Rightarrow$ $ \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{n}(-1)^{n}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{2n}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}1 \qquad$ ... a divergent series. $ x=0\quad \Rightarrow$ $ \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{n}(1)^{n}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{n} \qquad$ ... a divergent series. $\text{Step 3.} $ If the interval of absolute convergence is $a -R\lt x\lt a+R$, the series diverges for $|x-a|\gt R.$ So, $ a.\quad R=\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}.\ \quad $Interval of convergence:$\quad -\displaystyle \frac{1}{2} \lt x \lt 0$ $b. \quad$ Interval of absolute convergence:$\displaystyle \quad -\frac{1}{2} \lt x \lt 0$ $ c.\quad$ There are no values for which the series converges conditionally
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