Calculus: Early Transcendentals (2nd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321947347
ISBN 13: 978-0-32194-734-5

Chapter 11 - Vectors and Vector-Valued Functions - 11.9 Curvature and Normal Vectors - 11.9 Exercises - Page 852: 37

Answer

$${a_N} = \sqrt 2 {e^t}{\text{ and }}{a_T} = \sqrt 3 {e^t}$$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & {\bf{r}}\left( t \right) = \left\langle {{e^t}\cos t,{e^t}\sin t,{e^t}} \right\rangle \cr & {\text{Calculate }}{\bf{v}}\left( t \right){\text{, }}\left| {{\bf{v}}\left( t \right)} \right|{\text{ and }}{\bf{a}}\left( t \right) \cr & {\bf{v}}\left( t \right) = {\bf{r}}'\left( t \right) \cr & {\bf{v}}\left( t \right) = \left\langle {{e^t}\cos t - {e^t}\sin t,{e^t}\sin t + {e^t}\cos t,{e^t}} \right\rangle \cr & \left| {{\bf{v}}\left( t \right)} \right| = \sqrt {{e^{2t}}\left( {1 - 2\sin t\cos t} \right) + {e^{2t}}\left( {1 - 2\sin t\cos t} \right) + {e^t}} \cr & \left| {{\bf{v}}\left( t \right)} \right| = \sqrt {{e^{2t}} + {e^{2t}} + {e^{2t}}} \cr & \left| {{\bf{v}}\left( t \right)} \right| = \sqrt 3 {e^t} \cr & \cr & {\bf{a}}\left( t \right) = {\bf{v}}'\left( t \right) \cr & {\bf{a}}\left( t \right) = \frac{d}{{dt}}\left\langle {{e^t}\cos t - {e^t}\sin t,{e^t}\sin t + {e^t}\cos t,{e^t}} \right\rangle \cr & {\bf{a}}\left( t \right) = \left\langle { - 2{e^t}\sin t,2{e^t}\cos t,{e^t}} \right\rangle \cr & \cr & {\text{Find the components of acceleration: }}{a_N}{\bf{N}} + {a_T}{\bf{T}}, \cr & {\text{Where }}{a_N} = \kappa {\left| {\bf{v}} \right|^2} = \frac{{\left| {{\bf{v}} \times {\bf{a}}} \right|}}{{\left| {\bf{v}} \right|}}{\text{ and }}{a_T} = \frac{{{d^2}s}}{{d{t^2}}} = \frac{{{\bf{v}} \cdot {\bf{a}}}}{{\left| {\bf{v}} \right|}} \cr & {\text{Then}}{\text{,}} \cr} $$ \[{\mathbf{v}} \times {\mathbf{a}} = \left| {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {\mathbf{i}}&{\mathbf{j}}&{\mathbf{k}} \\ {{e^t}\cos t - {e^t}\sin t}&{{e^t}\sin t + {e^t}\cos t}&{{e^t}} \\ { - 2{e^t}\sin t}&{2{e^t}\cos t}&{{e^t}} \end{array}} \right|\] $$\eqalign{ & {\bf{v}} \times {\bf{a}} = \left( {{e^{2t}}\sin t - {e^{2t}}\cos t} \right){\bf{i}} - \left( {{e^{2t}}\sin t + {e^{2t}}\cos t} \right){\bf{j}} \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, + \left( {2{e^{2t}}{{\cos }^2}t + 2{e^{2t}}{{\sin }^2}t} \right){\bf{k}} \cr & {\bf{v}} \times {\bf{a}} = {e^{2t}}\left( {\sin t - \cos t} \right){\bf{i}} - {e^{2t}}\left( {\sin t + \cos t} \right){\bf{j}} + 2{e^{2t}}{\bf{k}} \cr & \left| {{\bf{v}} \times {\bf{a}}} \right| = \sqrt {{e^{4t}}\left( {1 - 2\sin t\cos t} \right) + {e^{4t}}\left( {1 + 2\sin t\cos t} \right) + 4{e^{4t}}} \cr & \left| {{\bf{v}} \times {\bf{a}}} \right| = \sqrt {6{e^{4t}}} = \sqrt 6 {e^{2t}} \cr & {a_N} = \frac{{\left| {{\bf{v}} \times {\bf{a}}} \right|}}{{\left| {\bf{v}} \right|}} = \frac{{\sqrt 6 {e^{2t}}}}{{\sqrt 3 {e^t}}} \cr & {a_N} = \sqrt 2 {e^t} \cr & \cr & and \cr & \cr & {\bf{v}} \cdot {\bf{a}} = \left\langle {{e^t}\cos t - {e^t}\sin t,{e^t}\sin t + {e^t}\cos t,{e^t}} \right\rangle \cdot \left\langle { - 2{e^t}\sin t,2{e^t}\cos t,{e^t}} \right\rangle \cr & {\bf{v}} \cdot {\bf{a}} = 2{e^{2t}} + {e^{2t}} \cr & {\bf{v}} \cdot {\bf{a}} = 3{e^{2t}} \cr & {a_T} = \frac{{{\bf{v}} \cdot {\bf{a}}}}{{\left| {\bf{v}} \right|}} = \frac{{3{e^{2t}}}}{{\sqrt 3 {e^t}}} \cr & {a_T} = \sqrt 3 {e^t} \cr & \cr & {a_N} = \sqrt 2 {e^t}{\text{ and }}{a_T} = \sqrt 3 {e^t} \cr} $$
Update this answer!

You can help us out by revising, improving and updating this answer.

Update this answer

After you claim an answer you’ll have 24 hours to send in a draft. An editor will review the submission and either publish your submission or provide feedback.