Calculus: Early Transcendentals (2nd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321947347
ISBN 13: 978-0-32194-734-5

Chapter 11 - Vectors and Vector-Valued Functions - 11.9 Curvature and Normal Vectors - 11.9 Exercises - Page 852: 32

Answer

$${\bf{T}}\left( t \right) = \left\langle { - \cos t,\sin t} \right\rangle {\text{ and }}{\bf{N}}\left( t \right) = \left\langle {\sin t,\cos t} \right\rangle $$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & {\bf{r}}\left( t \right) = \left\langle {{{\cos }^3}t,{{\sin }^3}t} \right\rangle \cr & {\text{Calculate }}{\bf{v}}\left( t \right){\text{ and }}\left| {{\bf{v}}\left( t \right)} \right| \cr & {\bf{v}}\left( t \right) = {\bf{r}}'\left( t \right) \cr & {\bf{v}}\left( t \right) = \left\langle { - 3{{\cos }^2}t\sin t,3{{\sin }^2}t\cos t} \right\rangle \cr & \left| {{\bf{v}}\left( t \right)} \right| = \sqrt {{{\left( { - 3{{\cos }^2}t\sin t} \right)}^2} + {{\left( {3{{\sin }^2}t\cos t} \right)}^2}} \cr & \left| {{\bf{v}}\left( t \right)} \right| = \sqrt {9{{\cos }^4}t{{\sin }^2}t + 9{{\sin }^4}t{{\cos }^2}t} \cr & \left| {{\bf{v}}\left( t \right)} \right| = \sqrt {9{{\sin }^2}t{{\cos }^2}t\left( {{{\cos }^2}t + {{\sin }^2}t} \right)} \cr & \left| {{\bf{v}}\left( t \right)} \right| = 3\sin t\cos t \cr & \cr & {\text{Find the unit tangent vector }}{\bf{T}}\left( t \right) \cr & {\bf{T}}\left( t \right) = \frac{{{\bf{v}}\left( t \right)}}{{\left| {{\bf{v}}\left( t \right)} \right|}} = \frac{{\left\langle { - 3{{\cos }^2}t\sin t,3{{\sin }^2}t\cos t} \right\rangle }}{{3\sin t\cos t}} \cr & {\bf{T}}\left( t \right) = \left\langle { - \cos t,\sin t} \right\rangle \cr & \cr & {\text{Find the principal unit normal vector }}{\bf{N}}\left( t \right) \cr & {\bf{N}}\left( t \right) = \frac{{{\bf{T}}'\left( t \right)}}{{\left| {{\bf{T}}'\left( t \right)} \right|}} \cr & {\bf{T}}'\left( t \right) = \frac{d}{{dt}}\left\langle { - \cos t,\sin t} \right\rangle \cr & {\bf{T}}'\left( t \right) = \left\langle {\sin t,\cos t} \right\rangle \cr & \left| {{\bf{T}}'\left( t \right)} \right| = \sqrt {{{\sin }^2}t + {{\cos }^2}t} \cr & \left| {{\bf{T}}'\left( t \right)} \right| = 1 \cr & {\bf{N}}\left( t \right) = \frac{{{\bf{T}}'\left( t \right)}}{{\left| {{\bf{T}}'\left( t \right)} \right|}} = \left\langle {\sin t,\cos t} \right\rangle \cr & \cr & {\bf{T}}\left( t \right) = \left\langle { - \cos t,\sin t} \right\rangle {\text{ and }}{\bf{N}}\left( t \right) = \left\langle {\sin t,\cos t} \right\rangle \cr & \cr} $$
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