Calculus: Early Transcendentals (2nd Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321947347
ISBN 13: 978-0-32194-734-5

Chapter 11 - Vectors and Vector-Valued Functions - 11.9 Curvature and Normal Vectors - 11.9 Exercises - Page 852: 31

Answer

$${\bf{T}}\left( t \right) = \left\langle { - \sin {t^2},\cos {t^2}} \right\rangle {\text{ and }}{\bf{N}}\left( t \right) = \left\langle { - \cos {t^2}, - \sin {t^2}} \right\rangle $$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & {\bf{r}}\left( t \right) = \left\langle {\cos {t^2},\sin {t^2}} \right\rangle \cr & {\text{Calculate }}{\bf{v}}\left( t \right){\text{ and }}\left| {{\bf{v}}\left( t \right)} \right| \cr & {\bf{v}}\left( t \right) = {\bf{r}}'\left( t \right) \cr & {\bf{v}}\left( t \right) = \left\langle { - 2t\sin {t^2},2t\cos {t^2}} \right\rangle \cr & \left| {{\bf{v}}\left( t \right)} \right| = \sqrt {{{\left( { - 2t\sin {t^2}} \right)}^2} + {{\left( {2t\cos {t^2}} \right)}^2}} \cr & \left| {{\bf{v}}\left( t \right)} \right| = \sqrt {4{t^2}{{\sin }^2}{t^2} + 4{t^2}{{\cos }^2}{t^2}} \cr & \left| {{\bf{v}}\left( t \right)} \right| = 2t \cr & \cr & {\text{Find the unit tangent vector }}{\bf{T}}\left( t \right) \cr & {\bf{T}}\left( t \right) = \frac{{{\bf{v}}\left( t \right)}}{{\left| {{\bf{v}}\left( t \right)} \right|}} = \frac{{\left\langle { - 2t\sin {t^2},2t\cos {t^2}} \right\rangle }}{{2t}} \cr & {\bf{T}}\left( t \right) = \left\langle { - \sin {t^2},\cos {t^2}} \right\rangle \cr & \cr & {\text{Find the principal unit normal vector }}{\bf{N}}\left( t \right) \cr & {\bf{N}}\left( t \right) = \frac{{{\bf{T}}'\left( t \right)}}{{\left| {{\bf{T}}'\left( t \right)} \right|}} \cr & {\bf{T}}'\left( t \right) = \frac{d}{{dt}}\left\langle { - \sin {t^2},\cos {t^2}} \right\rangle \cr & {\bf{T}}'\left( t \right) = \left\langle { - 2t\cos {t^2}, - 2t\sin {t^2}} \right\rangle \cr & \left| {{\bf{T}}'\left( t \right)} \right| = \sqrt {4{t^2}{{\cos }^2}{t^2} + 4{t^2}{{\sin }^2}{t^2}} \cr & \left| {{\bf{T}}'\left( t \right)} \right| = 2t \cr & {\bf{N}}\left( t \right) = \frac{{{\bf{T}}'\left( t \right)}}{{\left| {{\bf{T}}'\left( t \right)} \right|}} = \frac{{\left\langle { - 2t\cos {t^2}, - 2t\sin {t^2}} \right\rangle }}{{2t}} \cr & {\bf{N}}\left( t \right) = \left\langle { - \cos {t^2}, - \sin {t^2}} \right\rangle \cr} $$
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