Differential Equations and Linear Algebra (4th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32196-467-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32196-467-0

Chapter 3 - Determinants - 3.4 Summary of Determinants - Problems - Page 241: 18

Answer

See below

Work Step by Step

According to Cramer's Rule for a $3\times 3$ system $Ax=b$ where $A=\begin{bmatrix} a_1 &b_1 &c_1\\a_2&b_2 &c_2\\a_3&b_3&c_3 \end{bmatrix}$ and $b=\begin{bmatrix} c_1\\c_2\\c_3 \end{bmatrix}$ we have $x_1=\frac{\begin{vmatrix} d_1 &b_1 &c_1\\d_2&b_2 & c_2\\d_3&b_3&c_3 \end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix} a_1 &b_1&c_1\\a_2&b_2 &c_2\\a_3&b_3&c_3 \end{vmatrix}}=\frac{\begin{vmatrix} 5 & 1 & 3\\7&-1&5\\2&3&1 \end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix} 4&1&3\\2&-1&5\\2&3&1 \end{vmatrix}}=\frac{5(-1-15)-1(7-10)+3(21+2)}{4(-1-15)-1(2-10)+3(6+2)}=\frac{-8}{-32}=\frac{1}{4}$ $x_2=\frac{\begin{vmatrix} a_1 &d_1 &c_1\\a_2&d_2& c_2\\a_3&d_3&c_3 \end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix} a_1 &b_1&c_1\\a_2&b_2 &c_2\\a_3&b_3&c_3 \end{vmatrix}}=\frac{\begin{vmatrix} 4 & 5 & 3\\2&7&5\\2&2&1 \end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix} 4&1&3\\2&-1&5\\2&3&1 \end{vmatrix}}=\frac{4(7-10)-5(2-10)+3(4-14)}{4(-1-15)-1(2-10)+3(6+2)}=\frac{-2}{-32}=\frac{1}{16}$ and $x_3=\frac{\begin{vmatrix} d_1 &b_1 &c_1\\d_2&b_2 & c_2\\d_3&b_3&c_3 \end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix} a_1 &b_1&c_1\\a_2&b_2 &c_2\\a_3&b_3&c_3 \end{vmatrix}}=\frac{\begin{vmatrix} 4& 1 & 5\\2&-1&7\\2&3&2 \end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix} 4&1&3\\2&-1&5\\2&3&1 \end{vmatrix}}=\frac{4(-2-21)-1(4-14)+5(6+2)}{4(-1-15)-1(2-10)+3(6+2)}=\frac{-42}{-32}=\frac{21}{16}$
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