Chemistry: Molecular Approach (4th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0134112830
ISBN 13: 978-0-13411-283-1

Chapter 16 - Self-Assessment Quiz - Page 767: Q8

Answer

(a) 0.35%

Work Step by Step

1. Draw the ICE table for this equilibrium: $$\begin{vmatrix} Compound& [ HC_2H_3O_2 ]& [ C_2H_3{O_2}^- ]& [ H_3O^+ ]\\ Initial& 1.45 & 0 & 0 \\ Change& -x& +x& +x\\ Equilibrium& 1.45 -x& 0 +x& 0 +x\\ \end{vmatrix}$$ 2. Write the expression for $K_a$, and substitute the concentrations: - The exponent of each concentration is equal to its balance coefficient. $$K_a = \frac{[Products]}{[Reactants]} = \frac{[ C_2H_3{O_2}^- ][ H_3O^+ ]}{[ HC_2H_3O_2 ]}$$ $$K_a = \frac{(x)(x)}{[ HC_2H_3O_2 ]_{initial} - x}$$ 3. Assuming $ 1.45 \gt\gt x:$ $$K_a = \frac{x^2}{[ HC_2H_3O_2 ]_{initial}}$$ $$x = \sqrt{K_a \times [ HC_2H_3O_2 ]_{initial}} = \sqrt{ 1.8 \times 10^{-5} \times 1.45 }$$ $x = 5.1 \times 10^{-3} $ 4. Test if the assumption was correct: $$\frac{ 5.1 \times 10^{-3} }{ 1.45 } \times 100\% = 0.35 \%$$ 5. The percent is less than 5%. Thus, it is correct to say that $x = 5.1 x 10^{-3} $
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