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The modern view of the structure of the atom is based on the work of many scientists over the years, but it is primarily based on the work of Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, and Werner Heisenberg. According to this model, atoms are composed of a small, dense, positively charged nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons. Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels called shells, which are determined by their energy state and the number of electrons in the shell. The electrons are held in their orbits by the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons. The electrons in an atom are constantly in motion, and their exact location can only be described in terms of probability. This model is known as the quantum mechanical model of the atom. It explains the behavior of atoms and subatomic particles in terms of quantum mechanics and wave-particle duality.
