Answer
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Work Step by Step
a. The atom can be broken down into smaller parts. The smaller parts of an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom, neutrons are neutral particles also found in the nucleus, and electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus.
b. Atoms of hydrogen are identical to each other in that they all have one proton and one electron. However, they can be different from each other in terms of the number of neutrons present in the nucleus, which gives rise to isotopes of hydrogen.
c. Atoms of hydrogen are different from atoms of helium in that they have one proton and one electron, while helium atoms have two protons and two electrons. H atoms are similar to He atoms in that they both have no neutrons in their nuclei.
d. Water is different from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) even though both compounds are composed of only hydrogen and oxygen. The difference is in the number and arrangement of atoms of hydrogen and oxygen in each compound. Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O), while hydrogen peroxide is composed of two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms (H2O2).
e. In a chemical reaction, atoms are rearranged to form new compounds. The total number of atoms remains the same before and after the reaction, so the mass is conserved. This is in agreement with Dalton's atomic theory which postulated that atoms cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, they can only be rearranged to form new compounds.
