Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (3rd Edition)

Published by Prentice Hall
ISBN 10: 0321809246
ISBN 13: 978-0-32180-924-7

Chapter 22 - Sections 22.1-22.9 - Exercises - Review Questions - Page 1069: 5

Answer

$SiO_{2}$ that is cooled slowly forms a tetrahedral structure called silica. $SiO_{2}$ if cooled quickly forms a randomly ordered amorphous structure called a glass.

Work Step by Step

Silicon and oxygen form a network covalent structure in which a silicon atom bonds to four oxygen atoms, forming a tetrahedral shape with the silicon atom in the middle and the four oxygen atoms at the corners of the tetrahedron. The silicon atom bonds to each oxygen atom with a single covalent sigma bond. The silicon atom in this structure, by bonding to four oxygen atoms, obtains a complete octet. However, each oxygen atom is one electron short of an octet. Therefore, each O atom forms a second covalent bond to a different Si atom, forming the three-dimensional structure of quartz . Quartz has a formula unit of $SiO_{2}$ and is generally called silica. After melting, if cooled quickly, silica does not crystallize back into the quartz structure. Instead, the Si atoms and O atoms form a randomly ordered amorphous structure called a glass. Common glass is amorphous $SiO_{2}$.
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