Thomas' Calculus 13th Edition

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32187-896-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32187-896-0

Chapter 8: Techniques of Integration - Section 8.5 - Integration of Rational Functions by Partial Fractions - Exercises 8.5 - Page 475: 4

Answer

$$\frac{2}{{x - 1}} + \frac{4}{{{{\left( {x - 1} \right)}^2}}}$$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & \frac{{2x + 2}}{{{x^2} - 2x + 1}} \cr & {\text{Factoring the denominator}} \cr & \frac{{2x + 2}}{{{{\left( {x - 1} \right)}^2}}} \cr & \cr & {\text{The partial fraction decomposition has the form}} \cr & \frac{{2x + 2}}{{{{\left( {x - 1} \right)}^2}}} = \frac{A}{{x - 1}} + \frac{B}{{{{\left( {x - 1} \right)}^2}}}\,\,\,\left( {\bf{1}} \right) \cr & \cr & {\text{Multiplying by }}{\left( {x - 1} \right)^2}{\text{, we have}} \cr & 2x + 2 = A\left( {x - 1} \right) + B \cr & 2x + 2 = Ax - A + B \cr & \cr & {\text{If we equate coefficients}}{\text{, we get the system}} \cr & A = 2,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, - A + B = 2 \to B = 4 \cr & \cr & {\text{Then substituting }}A{\text{ and }}B{\text{ into the equation }}\left( {\bf{1}} \right) \cr & \frac{{2x + 2}}{{{{\left( {x - 1} \right)}^2}}} = \frac{2}{{x - 1}} + \frac{4}{{{{\left( {x - 1} \right)}^2}}} \cr & {\text{or}} \cr & \frac{{2x + 2}}{{{x^2} - 2x + 1}} = \frac{2}{{x - 1}} + \frac{4}{{{{\left( {x - 1} \right)}^2}}} \cr} $$
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