Thomas' Calculus 13th Edition

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32187-896-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32187-896-0

Chapter 4: Applications of Derivatives - Section 4.4 - Concavity and Curve Sketching - Exercises 4.4 - Page 215: 118

Answer

See graph and explanations.

Work Step by Step

Step 1. Given $y=f(x)=x\ cos(x), 0\leq x\leq 2\pi$, we have $y'=cos(x)-x\ sin(x)$ and $y''=-sin(x)-sin(x)-x\ cos(x)=-2sin(x)-x\ cos(x)$ Step 2. The inflection points can be found at zeros of $y''$, we have $-2sin(x)-x\ cos(x)=0$ which gives $x=0, 2.289,5.087$ in the domain. Check the sign (concavity) changes of $y''$, we have $(0)..(-)..(2.289)..(+)..(5.087)..(-)..(2\pi)$ and we can identify two inflection points at $x=2.2893$ and $x=5.087$. Step 3. The extrema can be found at zeros of $y'$, we have $cos(x)-x\ sin(x)=0$ which gives $x=0.86, 3.426$ in the domain. Check the sign changes in $y'$; we have $(0)..(+)..(0.86)..(-)..(3.426)..(+)..(2\pi)$ and we can identify two local maxima at $(0.86,0.561), (2\pi,2\pi)$ and two local minima at $(0,0),(3.426,-3.288)$. Step 4. Graph the function and its derivatives as shown in the figure. Step 5. The intersection of $y'$ with the x-axis indicates possible extrema positions. Step 6. The intersection of $y''$ with the x-axis indicates possible inflection points. Step 7. Positive $y'$ indicates increasing region and negative $y'$ indicates decreasing region of the function. Step 8. Positive $y''$ indicates concave up region and negative $y''$ indicates concave down region of the function.
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