Calculus: Early Transcendentals 8th Edition

Published by Cengage Learning
ISBN 10: 1285741552
ISBN 13: 978-1-28574-155-0

Chapter 10 - Section 10.2 - Areas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates - 10.4 Exercises - Page 673: 49

Answer

the curve: $$ r=\cos^{4}( \frac{\theta }{4}) $$ is completely traced with $$ \theta =0 \quad \text {to} \quad \theta=4 \pi $$ the exact length of the given curve is equal to \begin{aligned} L &=\int_{0}^{4\pi} \sqrt{r^{2}+(d r / d \theta)^{2}} d \theta \\ &=\frac{16}{3} \end{aligned}

Work Step by Step

The curve: $$ r=\cos^{4}( \frac{\theta }{4}) $$ is completely traced with $$ \theta =0 \quad \text {to} \quad \theta=4 \pi $$ is equal to $$ \begin{aligned} r^{2}+(d r / d \theta)^{2} &=\left[\cos ^{4}(\theta / 4)\right]^{2}+\left[4 \cos ^{3}(\theta / 4) \cdot(-\sin (\theta / 4)) \cdot \frac{1}{4}\right]^{2} \\ &=\cos ^{8}(\theta / 4)+\cos ^{6}(\theta / 4) \sin ^{2}(\theta / 4) \\ &=\cos ^{6}(\theta / 4)\left[\cos ^{2}(\theta / 4)+\sin ^{2}(\theta / 4)\right] \\ &=\cos ^{6}(\theta / 4) \end{aligned}, $$ then the exact length of the given curve is equal to $$ \begin{aligned} L &=\int_{a}^{b} \sqrt{r^{2}+(d r / d \theta)^{2}} d \theta \\ & =\int_{0}^{4 \pi} \sqrt{\cos ^{6}(\theta / 4)} d \theta \\ &=\int_{0}^{4 \pi}\left|\cos ^{3}(\theta / 4)\right| d \theta \\ &=2 \int_{0}^{2 \pi} \cos ^{3}(\theta / 4) d \theta \\ & \quad\quad \quad\left[\operatorname{since} \cos ^{3}(\theta / 4) \geq 0 \text { for } 0 \leq \theta \leq 2 \pi\right] \\ & \quad\quad\quad\left[u=\frac{1}{4} \theta\right]\\ & =8 \int_{0}^{\pi / 2} \cos ^{3} u d u \\ &=8 \int_{0}^{\pi / 2}\left(1-\sin ^{2} u\right) \cos u d u \\ & \quad\quad\quad\left[\begin{array}{c}{x=\sin u} \\ {d x=\cos u d u}\end{array}\right] \\ &=8 \int_{0}^{1}\left(1-x^{2}\right) d x \\ &=8\left[x-\frac{1}{3} x^{3}\right]_{0}^{1} \\ & =8\left(1-\frac{1}{3}\right) \\ &=\frac{16}{3} . \end{aligned} $$
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