Calculus: Early Transcendentals 9th Edition

Published by Cengage Learning
ISBN 10: 1337613924
ISBN 13: 978-1-33761-392-7

Chapter 14 - Section 14.7 - Maximum and Minimum Values - 14.7 Exercise - Page 1017: 4

Answer

$(-1,-1)$ is a local minimum. $(-1,0)$ is a saddle point. $(-1,1)$ is a local minimum. $(1,-1)$ is a saddle point. $(1,0)$ is a local maximum. $(1,1)$ is a saddle point.

Work Step by Step

It looks as though the graph has six critical points. It seems as though it has a local extrema at $(-1,1)$, $(-1,-1)$, and $(1,0)$. It seems as though the points where $x=-1$ are local minimum points because the value of the level curve decreases as we get closer to the points. The one point with $x=1$ looks like a local maximum point because the value of level curve increases as we get closer to the point. Next, it looks as though it has a saddle point at the points, $(-1,0)$, $(1,1)$, and $(1,-1)$. Here, two different level curves intersect, showing us that there are directions where the value is increasing and directions where the value is decreasing. $f_{x}=3-3x^2$ and $f_y=-4y+4y^3$. When $x=-1$ and $x=1$, $f_{x}=3-3x^2=0$. When $y=-1$, $y=0$, and $y=1$, $f_{y}=-4y+4y^3=0$. Therefore we have the following critical points, $(-1, -1)$, $(-1, 0)$, $(-1, 1)$, $(1, -1)$, $(1, 0)$, and $(1, 1)$. Let us now calculate the second partial derivatives. $f_{xx}=-6x$, $f_{yy}=-4+12y^2$, and $f_{xy}=0$. Let us now calculate the D values. $D(-1,-1)=(6)(8)>0$ and $f_{xx}=6>0$, so $(-1,-1)$ is a local minimum. $D(-1,0)=(6)(-4)<0$, so $(-1,0)$ is a saddle point. $D(-1,1)=(6)(8)>0$ and $f_{xx}=6>0$, so $(-1,1)$ is a local minimum. $D(1,-1)=(-6)(8)<0$, so $(1,-1)$ is a saddle point. $D(1,0)=(-6)(-4)>0$ and $f_{xx}=-6<0$, so $(1,0)$ is a local maximum. $D(1,1)=(-6)(8)<0$, so $(1,1)$ is a saddle point.
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