Answer
Russia and Japan: $0.5\%$ and $0.6\%$ a year respectively.
Work Step by Step
$A=A_{0}e^{kt},$ where $A$ is the population after $t$ years, $A_{0}$ is the initial population, $k$ is the growth rate if $k>0$ or a decaying rate if $k<0$.
Thus, Russia and Japan have the decaying rate at $k=-0.005$ and $k=-0.006$ respectively. Therefore, the population is decreasing at $0.5\%$ and $0.6\%$ a year respectively.
