Chapter 7 - Exponential and Logarithmic Functions - 7-4 Properties of Logarithms - Practice and Problem-Solving Exercises - Page 466: 20

$1$ - $\log_b$ ${x}$

Use the Quotient Property of Logarithms, which states that $\log_b$ ${m}$ - $\log_b$ ${n}$ = $\log_b$ ${\frac {m}{n}}$. Thus, the given expression is equivalent to: $\log_b$ ${b}$ - $\log_b$ ${x}$ Use the logarithmic identity $\log_{b}$ ${b}$ = $1$ to obtain: $1$ - $\log_b$ ${x}$