University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0321973615
ISBN 13: 978-0-32197-361-0

Chapter 41 - Quantum Mechanics II: Atomic Structure - Problems - Discussion Questions - Page 1401: Q41.13

Answer

Their outermost electrons are $4s^2$ electrons, so all 10 of the transition elements have similar chemical properties.

Work Step by Step

The elements with Z=21 to Z=30, as we can see from table 41.3, occur while the smaller 3d subshell is filling up with its 10 electrons. The already-filled $4s^2$ subshell, with a greater radius than the 3d subshell, makes the transition elements appear the same to the outside world. Therefore, all 10 of the transition elements have similar chemical properties.
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