Answer
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Work Step by Step
Absorbed dose: It is a physical measurement of dose. It’s the amount of energy deposited per unit mass. The units are J/kg (grays), or rads (=0.01 gray).
Effective dose: This recognizes that it’s not just the energy deposited in the material that matters, but the type of radiation as well. It is designed to measure the biological effect of radiation on the absorbing material.
It’s defined as the absorbed dose, multiplied by a relative biological effectiveness (RBE) factor that recognizes that, for example, $\alpha$ particles are much more damaging than x-rays. See Table 31-1.
The units are rems, which are $rad\;\times\;RBE$, or sieverts (Sv), which are $gray\;\times\;RBE$.
A sievert of any type of radiation damages biological tissue to roughly the same extent.
