Physics: Principles with Applications (7th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32162-592-7
ISBN 13: 978-0-32162-592-2

Chapter 29 - Molecules and Solids - Problems - Page 854: 5

Answer

$4.678\;\rm eV$

Work Step by Step

We know that the two electrons spend 33$\%$ of the time between the two protons (the two hydrogen atoms since each atom contains one proton), thus the net charge there between the two protons, as we see below, is $$q_e=2\times 0.33e$$ $$q_e=0.66e\tag 1$$ The potential energy of the charge $q_e$ midway between the two protons is given by $$PE=2PE_{q_e\rightarrow q_p}=2\dfrac{-kq_eq_p}{r}=2\dfrac{-kq_eq_p}{\frac{1}{2}d}$$ where $2$ in front of $PE_{q_e\rightarrow q_p}$ is due to the potential energy due to each proton on the negative charge $q_e$, and $r$ is half the separation distance between the two protons, as we see in the figure below. $$PE_e=\dfrac{-4kq_eq_p}{ d} $$ Plugging from (1); $$PE_{e}=\dfrac{-4kq_eq_p}{ d} \tag 2$$ And the potential energy between the two protons is given by $$PE_p=\dfrac{kq_p^2}{d}\tag 3$$ We know that the initial energy of each hydrogen atom in the ground state is $E_1=-13.6\rm \;eV$, and hence when the bond between these two atoms breaks each one will have this ground state of -13.6 eV. Thus, the binding energy is given by $$E_{binding}=2E_1-\left[PE_e+PE_p\right]$$ Plugging from (2) and (3); $$E_{binding}=2E_1-\left[\dfrac{-4kq_eq_p}{ d}+\dfrac{kq_p^2}{d}\right]$$ $$E_{binding}=2E_1-\left[\dfrac{-4kq_eq_p +kq_p ^2}{ d} \right]$$ Plugging from (1), and recalling that $q_p=e$; $$E_{binding}=2E_1-\left[\dfrac{-4k(0.66e^2) +ke^2}{ d} \right]$$ $$E_{binding}=2E_1-\left[\dfrac{-1.64ke^2 }{ d} \right]$$ Plugging the known; $$E_{binding}=(2\times-13.6\times 1.6\times10^{-19})-\left[\dfrac{-1.64\times 8.99\times10^9\times (1.6\times10^{-19})^2 }{ 0.074\times10^{-9}} \right]$$ $$E_{binding}=\color{red}{\bf 7.48489\times10^{-19}}\;\rm J\approx \color{red}{\bf 4.678}\;eV$$
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