Physics: Principles with Applications (7th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32162-592-7
ISBN 13: 978-0-32162-592-2

Chapter 28 - Quantum Mechanics of Atoms - General Problems - Page 828: 61

Answer

$42.82$

Work Step by Step

Let's assume that the voltage of acceleration is $V$. We know that two particles are accelerated from rest, so their kinetic energy is given by $$KE=\frac{1}{2}mv^2=eV$$ Thus, the speed is given by $$v=\sqrt{\dfrac{2eV}{m}}\tag 1$$ According to de Broglie, the wavelength of the particle is given by $$\lambda=\dfrac{h}{p}=\dfrac{h}{mv}$$ Plugging from (1) $$\lambda=\dfrac{h}{m\sqrt{\dfrac{2eV}{m}} }$$ $$\lambda=\Delta x=\dfrac{h}{\sqrt{ 2meV } }\tag 2$$ We know that $$\Delta p_x\Delta x\geq \hslash$$ Thus, $$\Delta p_x\Delta x= \hslash=\dfrac{h}{2\pi }$$ Therefore, $$ \Delta p_x =\dfrac{h}{2\pi \Delta x } $$ Plugging from (2); $$ \Delta p_x =\dfrac{h}{2\pi \dfrac{h}{\sqrt{ 2meV } } } $$ $$\boxed{ \Delta p_x =\dfrac{\sqrt{ 2meV} }{2\pi } }$$ Now we need to find the ratio of the uncertainty of the proton's momentum and the electron's momentum. $$\dfrac{\Delta p_p}{\Delta p_e}=\dfrac{\dfrac{\sqrt{ \color{red}{\bf\not}2m_p\color{red}{\bf\not}e\color{red}{\bf\not}V} }{\color{red}{\bf\not}2\color{red}{\bf\not}\pi }}{\dfrac{\sqrt{ \color{red}{\bf\not}2m_e\color{red}{\bf\not}e\color{red}{\bf\not}V} }{\color{red}{\bf\not}2\color{red}{\bf\not}\pi }}$$ $$\dfrac{\Delta p_p}{\Delta p_e}=\sqrt{\dfrac{m_p}{m_e}}$$ Plugging the known; $$\dfrac{\Delta p_p}{\Delta p_e}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1.67\times10^{-27}}{9.11\times10^{-31}}}=\color{red}{\bf 42.82}$$
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