Physics: Principles with Applications (7th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32162-592-7
ISBN 13: 978-0-32162-592-2

Chapter 15 - The Laws of Thermodynamics - Problems - Page 440: 47

Answer

$1.1\frac{J}{K}$.

Work Step by Step

$$\Delta S=\frac{Q}{T}$$ $$\Delta S=\Delta S_H+\Delta S_L=-\frac{Q}{T_H}+\frac{Q}{T_L}$$ All the heat that leaves the high-temperature water will be dumped into the low-temperature water. $$ \Delta S =Q(\frac{1}{T_L}-\frac{1}{T_H})$$ The amount of heat transferred depends on the change in temperature. $$ \Delta S =(mc\Delta T)(\frac{1}{T_L}-\frac{1}{T_H})$$ The two masses of water are identical, so the equilibrium temperature is halfway between the two initial temperatures, or $40^{\circ}C$. The average temperature of the cold water is $37.5^{\circ}C$ and the average temperature of the hot water is $42.5^{\circ}C$. $$ \Delta S =(mc\Delta T)(\frac{1}{T_L}-\frac{1}{T_H})$$ $$ =(1.0kg)(4186J/(kg \cdot C^{\circ}))(5^{\circ}C) (\frac{1}{(37.5+273)K}-\frac{1}{(42.5+273)K })$$ $$=1.068\approx1.1\frac{J}{K}$$
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