Answer
(c) it can occur regardless of the Z value.
Work Step by Step
$\beta^{-}$ decay occurs to $^{14}C$ with $Z\lt82$ to form $^{14}N$.
$\beta^{-}$ decay also occurs to $^{239}U$ with $Z\gt82$ to form $^{239}Np$. These examples shows that the $\beta^{-}$ decay can occur regardless of the Z value.
