Answer
See the explanation
Work Step by Step
To draw the Lewis structure for caffeine with all atoms having a formal charge of zero, we need to follow these steps:
1. Determine the total number of valence electrons available:
- Caffeine has the molecular formula C8H10N4O2.
- Carbon (C) has 4 valence electrons, Hydrogen (H) has 1 valence electron, Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons, and Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons.
- Total valence electrons = (8 × 4) + (10 × 1) + (4 × 5) + (2 × 6) = 32 valence electrons.
2. Arrange the atoms in the correct order:
- The given model shows the arrangement of the atoms in caffeine.
3. Draw the Lewis structure:
- Start by placing the carbon atoms in the correct positions.
- Connect the carbon atoms with single bonds.
- Attach the hydrogen atoms to the carbon atoms.
- Place the nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the remaining positions.
- Distribute the remaining valence electrons to form the necessary bonds and ensure that all atoms have a formal charge of zero.
The Lewis structure of caffeine with all atoms having a formal charge of zero is as follows:
H H H
| | |
C---C---C
/ / /
N N O
| | ‖
C---C---C
\ \ \
N O H
In this Lewis structure, all atoms have a formal charge of zero, and the structure satisfies the octet rule for all atoms.
