Answer
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The changes in electron affinity as one goes down a group in the periodic table are not as large as the variations in ionization energies because the size of the atom or ion increases down the group. As the size increases, the valence electrons are farther from the nucleus, leading to weaker attraction between the electrons and the nucleus. Therefore, the addition of an electron does not release as much energy as it would for a smaller atom, resulting in smaller changes in electron affinity down the group.
